Abstract
As the integration of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems on modern power networks continues to expand, challenges have appeared in different fields of the network architecture. In the Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) field, software and toolboxes are expected to be modified to meet the new network characteristics. Therefore, this paper presents a unified Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation algorithm suitable for hybrid HVDC/AC transmission systems, based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The mathematical formulas of the unified approach are derived for modelling the AC, DC and converter coupling components. The method couples the AC and DC sides of the converter through power and voltage constraints and measurement functions. Two hybrid power system test cases have been studied to validate this work, a 4-AC/4-DC/4-AC network and Cigre B4 DC test case network. Furthermore, comparison between the fully decentralized state estimation and the unified method is provided, which indicated an accuracy improvement and error reduction.
Highlights
The modern power network has changed in many aspects; the power reliability, stability and control has improved dramatically
Researchers in [38] has proposed a unified approach for Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)/Alternating Current (AC) state estimator based on Hachtel’s augmented matrix method and integrated a bad data analyser
Considering that, if the converter can provide a ratio between the AC and Direct Current (DC) sides voltages, this extra information can be used as a redundant measurement in the state estimator
Summary
The modern power network has changed in many aspects; the power reliability, stability and control has improved dramatically. Back in 1970s, a centralized (monolithic) SCADA with remote data equipment started to be used to control the different power network sectors (generation, transmission and distribution) [2,10,11]. This has changed when each section became larger, and dedicated but connected SCADAs were provided for each energy level, later called hierarchical control and supervision (stations and sub-stations) [2,12]. Formulation and implementation of a state estimator are provided based on WLS for hybrid VSC-HVDC/AC transmission networks.
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