Abstract
Aim:Bovine visceral schistosomiasis has been reported as an important disease entity as it affects animal health, productivity, causes economic losses due to liver condemnation, and produces a high morbidity. This study was conducted to standardize an easy, reliable dot-enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of visceral schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma spindale and to know the prevalence rate in and around Hyderabad.Materials and Methods:A dot-ELISA was standardized in the laboratory using whole worm antigen (WWA) and excretory-secretory antigen (ESA) of S. spindale. The standardized test was used for the diagnosis of bovine visceral schistosomiasis at field level. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was compared with counter current immunoelectrophoresis. In total, 288 sera (125 cattle and 163 buffalo) were screened by dot-ELISA.Results:The dot-ELISA detected 32.63% of infection (94/288) using WWA and 40.62% of infection (117/288) using ESA. In cattle, the prevalence rate was 32.80% (41/125) using WWA and 40.80% (51/125) of infection. Similarly, in buffaloes, the prevalence rate was 32.51% (53/163) using WWA and 40.49% (66/163) of infection using ESA. The overall sensitivity of dot-ELISA was 76.74% and 80.48% with WWA and ESA, respectively, and specificity was 73.3% and 78.57% in WWA and ESA, respectively.Conclusion:As ante-mortem diagnosis of visceral schistosomiasis is difficult in subclinical conditions, dot-ELISA can be used as a reliable immunodiagnostic test for diagnosis at field level.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis has been recognized as one of the major parasitic diseases of livestock and human beings
As ante-mortem diagnosis of visceral schistosomiasis is difficult in subclinical conditions, dot-enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used as a reliable immunodiagnostic test for diagnosis at field level
Two rabbits were used for raising hyperimmune sera (HIS) against whole worm antigen (WWA) and ES antigen (ESA) of S. spindale
Summary
Schistosomiasis has been recognized as one of the major parasitic diseases of livestock and human beings. Bovine visceral schistosomiasis in Indian subcontinent is primarily caused by two Schistosoma species such as Schistosoma spindale and Schistosoma indicum. High rates of prevalence of subclinical infections cause significant losses due to long-term effects on animal growth, productivity, reduced conception and pregnancy rates [1], and increased susceptibility to other parasitic or bacterial diseases [1,2]. Schistosomiasis causes loss due to liver condemnation in animal species [3]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated
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