Abstract
Standardization of herbal materials based on their chemical and biological profile is an important prerequisite for development of herbal product. Proper identification of the source plant with related biological property is the main issue encountered in herbal standardization. Ficus deltoidea Jack (FD) is a South East Asian native plant traditionally used to treat several diseases. Pharmacological data showed that this plant exhibited good antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there are confusion on the identification of plant material as FD occur at least in eight varieties namely Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea, var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri, var. montleyana, var. intermedia, var. bornensis, var. bilobata and var. angustifolia. Since reports on pharmacological and chemical studies were not at the varietal level, it is difficult to identify the best variety to be commercialized. In order to determine the most biological active variety, eight varieties of FD were collected from several localities around Malaysian Peninsular and Borneo and subjected for HPTLC and HPLC fingerprinting analysis using biologically active marker compounds, vitexin and isovitexin. HPTLC chromatograms indicated significant differences in chemical composition among varieties with var. deltoidea and var. trengganuensis possess the most chemical content. Both varieties also contain the most phenolic compounds based on Ferric-chloride assay. The concentration of marker compounds also significantly different among varieties which showed that var. trengganuensis contains the highest concentration of both markers. In vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic data revealed the differences in biological activities which var. trengganuensis and var. motleyana showed a comparable strongest activity compared to other varieties. Finding from this study will assist the selection of the best variety to be developed as herbal product.
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