Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio for Sugar, Amino Acid, and Caffeine by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

In 2004, liquid chromatography coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) has been developed. Today, LC/IRMS system has been used for various compounds. Stable isotope analysis has proved to be a powerful tool for source apportionment of various compounds. We analysed δ13C of 6 sugar, 10 amino acid and 2 caffeine samples using direct injection mode and online LC/IRMS mode. In this study, the ion chromatography system was coupled with IRMS instrument.On direct injection mode, the standard deviation for all samples were <0.26‰. The difference between EA/IRMS and direct injection mode was 0.41‰ (sugar), 2.01‰ (amino acid), 5.09‰ (caffeine, Wako Pure Chemical Industries), and 7.41‰ (caffeine, IAEA). The differences for amino acid and caffeine samples were bigger than sugar samples. The reason of the difference is still unclear.In the case of online LC/IRMS mode, the differences between the EA/IRMS and online LC/IRMS without phosphoric acid for amino acid were from 2.54‰ to 9.93‰. In contrast, when 1% phosphoric acid was added, the differences between the EA/IRMS and online LC/IRMS was ranged from 0.09‰ to 2.09‰. The eluent for LC was 5mM sodium tetraborate decahydrate (pH=9.51). When the 1% phosphoric acid was not added, the oxidation potential of sodium peroxodisulfate was decreasing. Thus, when the eluent of alkalinity eluent was used, it is necessary to add phosphoric acid. However, the difference of 2 caffeine samples between EA/IRMS and online LC/IRMS without phosphoric acid and with phosphoric acid were 5.30‰ and 5.82‰, and 5.68‰ to 7.32‰, respectively. For caffeine samples, the δ13C did not change with or without phosphoric acid. Other reasons were considered e.g. incomplete combustion.