Abstract
Background and Objectives: The cardioplegic arrest of the heart during cardiosurgical procedures is the crucial element of a cardioprotection strategy. Numerous clinical trials compare different cardioplegic solutions and cardioprotective protocols, but a relatively small number of papers apply to in vitro conditions using cultured cells. This work aimed to analyze whether it is possible to use the rat heart myocardium cells as an in vitro model to study the protective properties of St. Thomas cardioplegia (ST2C). Methods: The rat heart myocardium cells-H9C2 were incubated with cold cardioplegia for up to 24 h. After incubation, we determined: viability, confluency, and cell size, the thiol groups’ level by modifying Ellman’s method, Ki67, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen expression (PCNA). The impact on cells’ morphology was visualized by the ultrastructural (TEM) study and holotomograpic 3D imaging. Results: The viability and confluency analysis demonstrated that the safest exposure to ST2C, should not exceed 4h. An increased expression of Ki67 antigen and PCNA was observed. TEM and 3D imaging studies revealed vacuolization after the longest period of exposure (24). Conclusions: According to obtained results, we conclude that STC can play a protective role in cardiac surgery during heart arrest.
Highlights
The cardioplegic arrest of the heart during cardiosurgical procedures is the crucial element of a cardioprotection strategy
We have demonstrated that St. Thomas 2 based cardioplegia (ST2C) based cardioplegia can act as an agent for metabolic and antioxidant protection in neonatal myoblasts
Our study of in vitro model demonstrated that ST2 based cardioplegia can protect and maintain H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes by increasing protein disulfides and proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki67), without significant morphological changes
Summary
The cardioplegic arrest of the heart during cardiosurgical procedures is the crucial element of a cardioprotection strategy. The protective effect of cardioplegia is mainly based on potassium ions which impact the cellular membrane. The various clinical trials evaluate different cardioplegic solutions and cardioprotective procedures, but only a few papers apply to in vitro conditions with the use of cultured cells [4,5,10,11,12]. Numerous clinical trials compare different cardioplegic solutions and cardioprotective protocols, but a relatively small number of papers apply to in vitro conditions using cultured cells. This work aimed to analyze whether it is possible to use the rat heart myocardium cells as an in vitro model to study the protective properties of St. Thomas cardioplegia (ST2C). Methods: The rat heart myocardium cells-H9C2 were incubated with cold cardioplegia for up to 24 h. Conclusions: According to obtained results, we conclude that STC can play a protective role in cardiac surgery during heart arrest
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