Sport and citizenship – thinking about contemporary trends and problems

Advocating for the “gold medal strategy”, China has made great advancements in elite sports; however, the significant achievement in elite sports has not translated into the development of mass sport participations. To form a stronger foundation of a sport pyramid, more attention should be directed to community sports and promoting healthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of community sport service provisions on participants’ satisfaction and in turn on their sport participation behavior. In the current study, the public sport service in community includes sport facilities, sport organizations, sport programs, fitness test, and volunteer services (fitness guide). According to the hierarchy of effects model of Lavidge and Steiner (1961), both hard services and soft services were hypothesized to exert positive influences on consumer satisfaction and participation behavior in community sport (i.e., payment and participation frequency). Of the 750 copies distributed in Guangdong, China, 576 valid questionnaires were completed and returned, yielding a usable response rate of 76.8%. The first half of the sample was used to conduct exploratory factor analyses (EFA) for the provision items; the second half was used to conduct confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of these two measures and also conduct a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis to examine the relationships among public service provision, consumer satisfaction, and consumption behavior in community sports. The results of EFA and CFA indicated that five aspects of community sport service provision could be categorized into hard service and soft services. Specifically, hard refers to sport facility, organization building and organizing activity which can be seen and touched while soft service refers to fitness test, fitness instruction and sport information which sometimes are intangible. The results of SEM suggested that hard service provision positively influenced consumer satisfaction (β = .685, p < .01), whereas soft service provision did not exert significant influence on consumer satisfaction (β = .210, p > .05). Satisfaction would positively impact the frequency of participation was supported (β = .212, p < .01). Consumer satisfaction would positively impact the level of payment for participating in sport organizations was rejected (β = -.298, p < .01). In conclusion, the present study provided empirical evidence that hard sport service in community, as measured by the sport facility, grassroots sport organization and sport activity program, is an important element of the public sport service construct in the context of community sports. Furthermore, it highlighted that these programs have had a strong influence on resident satisfaction and participation behavior. The resulting theoretical framework is therefore applicable in this context. Lastly, the results revealed the important role of satisfaction in the prediction of residents’ future behaviors. By understanding the major drivers of residents’ behaviors, local sport councils, community managers, grassroots organizations, and residents could work together to establish a nonhierarchical and cooperative mechanism that facilitates sport participation.

Korean sports development in the 21st century depends on a close connection between elite sports, community sports and school sports. The active connection between community sports and school sports, especially, will result in expansion of grass-root sports, which will result in securing an improved development in elite sports. This paper is aimed at exploring some barriers against the connection between community sports and school sports and at showing the connected level between those areas, also at providing some ideas for activation of connection. Quantitative data and qualitative data are collected from various sources. The results indicate five barriers; the poor conception for the connection, the separated administrative system, the insufficient facilities to connect the school sport and the community, the poor exchange between RE teachers and community sport leaders, and the negative position of principles and teachers. Therefore, a new policy approach is needed to improve the supplementary function. Based on the findings of the research, finally, the paper suggests policy to promote the connection between school sports and community sports.

Reviewed by: Citizenship and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Germany Patryk J. Polec Eley, Geoff, and Jan Palmowski (eds.) — Citizenship and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Germany. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008. Pp. 304. The post-1989 political reorganization of central and eastern Europe and the challenges of globalization and migration have prompted scholars to revisit modern German history through the lens of "citizenship." The inception of a European Union citizenship as well as migration and immigration have significantly changed the political, cultural, and economic dynamic of Germany. This has sparked an evaluation of the German citizenship law and its exclusive conception based on the ius sanguinis. Citizenship analysis deconstructs political-legal concepts to determine how identity and citizen rights are defined through public and political debates. T. H. Marshall's contention that citizenship denotes "the full membership of the human community" has been challenged by sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and social historians who believe that such a simplified definition does not accurately define the culture of citizenship (pp. 3–5). Most social scientists and historians examine "thin" and "thick" concepts of citizenship. The former is concerned with the legal nature, that is, how interest groups "vie for recognition [End Page 240]before the law for their ability to exercise legal and formal citizenship rights in theory and in practice" (p. 5). The "thick" conceptions focus on the construction of citizenship through "culture." Scholars who view citizenship through this approach are interested in how cultural constructions, communication, and material artifacts define perceptions of citizenship. Citizenship and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Germanyaddresses questions that are central to the social sciences by breaking down the rigid dividing lines among cultural, political, social, and legal history. Edited by Geoff Eley (University of Michigan) and Jan Palmowski (King's College, London, UK), it is based on papers delivered at the conference "Citizenship and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Germany" in 2004. It constitutes the most important attempt, to date, to consider citizenship as a prime model for deciphering identity in modern German history. Its contributors investigate major themes in Germany's past to demonstrate how, and by whom, citizenship was defined in order to unearth the intricate relationship between citizenship and the nation. The text is divided into three broad categories that consider both "thin" and "thick" conceptions of citizenship. The first deals with the historical development and construction of the political-legal concepts. Dieter Gosewinkel's comparative examination of France and Germany suggests that demographic, political, and economic conditions forced Germany to define its national community increasingly through culture rather than by place of birth. Peter C. Caldwell and Annemarie Sammartino focus on the Weimar Republic to show that the relationship between individuals and the state was constantly renegotiated to preserve the survival of the Republic. In the final chapter of this section, Jan Palmowski's examination of the German Democratic Republic promotes the argument that socialist citizenship established a feeling of local togetherness, but ultimately failed to solidify an identification between citizens and the state. The second section explores how citizenship is constructed through Alltagskultur(everyday culture) and how identity and "otherness" are defined. Jennifer Jenkins examines the Wohnkultur(culture of dwelling) through the Werkbundto demonstrate how German identity was fashioned by architecture, home furnishings, and consumption. S. Jonathan Wiesen broadens this perspective by looking at the manufacturing sector during the Third Reich. He argues that company public relations transferred and reinforced Nazi racial ideals by excluding various groups. At the same time, during times of shortages and limited citizenship rights, companies worked against the state by promoting individual consumption and self-gratification instead of placing the Volkabove everything else. Wiesen suggests that companies helped create a sense of individual normality even though they did not hide political and economic realities. Other important contributions in this section include Thomas Lindenberger's analysis of law enforcement. He argues that cultural codes, police camaraderie, and expectations about the inviolability of the human body defined the protection and the enforcement of citizenship. Cornelie Usborne provides insights on gendered contestations around political rights during the transition from the late Empire to the Weimar Republic. She reflects on how the abortion laws...

Examining Organisational Culture Change in a UK Talent Development Programme

Attitudes of sports organisation members to junk food sponsorship

This paper examines the concept of ecological citizenship by looking at two sets of arguments. Those justifying the concept itself, and those criticizing the need to devise a new concept of citizenship and political community in relation to ecological problems. The paper argues for a shift in focus: instead of searching for (or readily dismissing) a new concept of citizenship, we should adopt a different perspective capable of capturing the explanatory potentials of citizenship-related notions - especially citizenship action and political space in which it is constituted - in the context of contemporary global ecological problems.

Can sport and physical activity (PA) be used to improve the communities we live in? How do community groups manage facilities that provide sport and PA? How can managers ensure the services they deliver meet the needs of their community? What role should community sport schemes play in society? Answer these questions and more in this, the first textbook to focus on the theory and practice of community-level sport management and development. Bringing together academics and practitioners with expertise in sport management, sport development, the sociology of sport, PA programming and community coaching, this book outlines best practice and explores contemporary issues relating to: Community enhancement through sport and PA Leadership, enterprise and innovation Budgeting and decision making Event and facility management Corporate social responsibility (CSR) Monitoring and evaluation. The book is divided into three sections: Part I provides an introduction to developing and managing community sport; Part II outlines the key issues and challenges that face those working in the sector; and Part III examines the leadership and management qualities needed to effectively manage and develop community sport. Insightful and user-friendly, Managing and Developing Community Sport is written in an easy to read style and is a vital resource for sport management practitioners or students hoping to work in community-level sport.

Citizenship is usually defined in terms of the rights and duties of citizens in relation to nation states. The definition used in France refers to the philosophical content of the social contract and the values of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, whereas in most countries it refers to nationality rights (which are specifically conceived in terms of “nationality” in France). However, the concept of citizenship is now being challenged by migration, because the nation state is no longer the only reference in terms of individuals’ belonging. Transnational diasporas, border-crossing experiences, and the existence of large numbers of undocumented migrants are calling into question both the international system of national borders and the concept of citizenship, since various forms of citizenship have developed in response to migration issues in the international order (local citizenship for foreigners, dual citizenship, refugee status for asylum seekers, etc.). Citizenship is also becoming a multicultural phenomenon in large immigration countries, which sometimes change their constitution in response to such changes in their populations. Transnational diasporas, as new actors in the international order (acting through “the strength of weak ties”, as Mark Granovetter puts it; 1973; see also Safran, 1991; Scheffer, 2006) are becoming increasingly influential and blurring the boundaries of states owing to the diversity of links that they build across borders.

The neighbourhood of Baka in Jerusalem, Israel is heavily populated with Jewish immigrants from Western countries who are a part of the long standing on-going gentrification process of the neighbourhood. The immigrants have influenced the neighbourhood in many ways, including the strengthening of a tradition of participation in local affairs. The on-going gentrification process has also created a heterogeneous community of people of various social groups who on the one hand wish to live in pluralist atmosphere but on the other strive to keep the neighbourhood ‘theirs.’ Residents’ sense of belonging to the neighbourhood as well as their commitment to it makes them struggle against any perceived threats to their quality of life. By participating, sometimes alongside and sometimes in opposition to the city council, the local governance institution and each other, residents are performing democracy on a small scale and becoming citizens of their neighbourhood. Neighbourhood citizenship, I shall claim, is a form of citizenship that is evolving alongside other forms of citizenship, above or below the state level. Using examples from one neighbourhood and its residents’ participation and struggles, I would claim that being committed to a place nowadays makes one want to participate in determining and shaping the character of that place. This in turn is constructing new forms of citizenship that are constantly in progress and evolution. The world is currently dominated by grassroots movements of people demanding to take part in the decision making that affects their lives starting from the most local level. Using ethnographic detailed examples that show the various interests, decision-making process, power struggles, values and ability to make a difference, I would show that this is what local level participation looks like today. I would also claim that the concept of neighbourhood citizenship helps us better understand the world we live in.

رسخت التطورات الكبري التي تشهدها البشرية الوعى بمفهوم العالمية ووحدة المجتمعات، وحفزت الإنسان إلى التوسع بفكره ووجدانه وفعله إلى خارج محيطه الضيق ومساحته الفردية والمجتمعية، ووثقت علاقته ببعديه المحلى والعالمي، لذا باتت مسألة تكوينه وبنائه كمواطن عالمي أمرًا حتميًا، وهو ما يفرض على المدرسة المصرية كأحد أهم مؤسسات التربية والتكوين السعي الجاد لتحقيق هذا الهدف، وبالشكل الذي يحقق الغايات التكوينية لهذا النمط التكويني الإنساني على الوجه الأمثل، لذا يستهدف البحث الحالي إثارة النقاش الفكري والفلسفي حول كيفية هندسة التكوين التربوي للمواطن العالمي بالمدرسة المصرية، وذلك على ضوء الاتجاهات التربوية العالمية المعاصرة، خاصة وأن بناء المواطن العالمي وتكوينه بات مطلبًا تربويًا متناميًا في القرن الحادي والعشرين، ولتحقيق ذلك تناول البحث بالتحليل الإطار الفكري الذي يؤسس لهندسة التكوين التربوي، والأطر الفلسفية والتربوية والتكوينية لبناء المواطن العالمي، وتحليل أبرز الاتجاهات التربوية المعاصرة الداعمة لهذا التكوين، وسبل الاستفادة منها وتوظيفها في هندسة التكوين التربوي لبناء المواطن العالمي بالمدرسة المصرية وتنمية قدرتها كمؤسسة تعليمية على إعداد الطلاب للحياة المعاصرة التي طغت عليها صفة العالمية بكل ما تحمله الكلمة من معانٍ، وأهدافٍ، وتوجهاتٍ، ودلالاتٍ، ومضامينٍ إنسانية، وقد انتهي البحث بوضع رؤية مقترحة تستهدف هندسة النسق التكويني لبناء المواطن العالمي في المدرسة المصرية على ضوء بعض المبادئ الفلسفية والتربوية المستمدة من الاتجاهات التربوية المعاصرة في بناء المواطن العالمي.

Virtual Citizenship and Revolutionary Transatlantic Republicanism in the Musical Lives of Exiled United Irishmen

Sports sponsorships represent one of the key sources of financing for sports and, at the same time, an essential marketing & communication tool for companies both in Slovenia and abroad. The article presents various aspects of sports sponsorships – from mass recreational to youth and competitive, and elite sports – and discusses the benefits and challenges for both sponsors and sponsees. For long-term mutual satisfaction, a strategic partnership must be developed between the sponsor and the sponsee. From a business perspective, sports sponsorship is the most effective as part of an integrated marketing strategy, which requires professionalisation, transparency, and expert-supported evaluation of results. The effectiveness of sponsorships increases with strategically designed activation on digital platforms, the professionalisation of their management, and an emphasis on social responsibility. Theoretical and scientific frameworks, contemporary trends, examples of best practices, and guidelines for future development are presented.

<span>Is the Civic Attitude of E-Participation Really Wise in the Current Information Society? </span>

The concept of citizenship is used both as a synonym of social action when referencing to an active form of citizenship as well as to indicate a form of civic obligation (formal citizenship). According to these premises, citizenship can be formalized in a large number of activities that contribute to building it in different ways. The aim of the present work is to explore how the concepts of citizenship and being a citizen are co-built by Italian young adults. Two groups of young adults are considered (engaged vs. not engaged). Eighty-nine young adults participants aged 18–36 completed a self-administered mixed-method questionnaire. A content and thematic analysis was conducted and a composite representation of citizenship emerged. Results of the present work can clarify the concept of citizenship by exploring how it is cognitively and socially represented in young adults and how this representation changes in engaged and not engaged young adults.

Community sport organizations - encompassing grassroots, recreational, amateur and voluntary clubs and settings distinct from elite or professional sport - are increasingly positioned as sites for advancing social inclusion, health and wellbeing, yet the role of organizational culture in enabling or constraining these outcomes is not fully understood. While policy and practice increasingly call for culture change in community sport, the extent to which such efforts have been empirically evaluated remains unknown. A systematic review was conducted across five databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus) from inception to June 2025. Studies were included if they evaluated an intentional strategy described as aiming to change culture in community sport settings and reported participant- or organizational-level outcomes. During title/abstract screening by reviewers, records were prioritized using machine-learning algorithms to rank relevance. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Most were qualitative, small-scale, and context-specific. Culture change efforts clustered thematically around: (i) integrity and safety cultures, (ii) inclusion and diversity for marginalized groups, and (iii) adult conduct in youth sport settings and coach development. While the evidence base meeting our criteria is nascent and heterogeneous, precluding quantitative synthesis, findings suggest that deliberate, multi-level culture change efforts can produce positive shifts in attitudes, behaviors and club practices, particularly when initiatives combine individual learning with organizational-level change and sustained external support. Culture change in community sport settings is complex, uneven and often gradual, influenced by entrenched traditions and resourcing constraints. Future efforts should prioritize longitudinal evaluation designs, clearer conceptual and operational definitions of culture change, and theoretically grounded frameworks that can be compared across contexts.