Abstract

Spontaneous dimerization is found in the $S=\frac{1}{2}$ isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with competing nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor exchange, $\frac{{J}_{2}}{{J}_{1}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}\frac{1}{6}$, and results from the same umklapp processes that lead to the N\'eel state when easy-axis exchange anisotropy is present. Spontaneous and externally induced dimerizations are contrasted.

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