Spectrum of Haematological Abnormalities in Patients of Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Background: Multiple myeloma is plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells and adistinctive biological behavior. It is an uncommon hematological malignancy which primarily affects older individuals.Objective: To determine clinico-hematological profile of Multiple Myeloma patients.Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 6 month in which 55 patientsdiagnosed as Multiple myeloma were enrolled. Data of 55 cases of multiple myeloma was analyzed.Results: Fifty five confirmed cases of MM were identified. There were 44 male and 11 female with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Thefrequency of multiple myeloma was high in patients with age 60-69 years. The median age of all patients was 56yrs (range 34-75).Anemia was present in 96.3% of patients 51% showed thrombocytopenia and 15% showed leucopenia. 91% of patients had ESRvalues above 80mm/hr. Serum of 93% patients showed M.band in SPE. Bone marrow of 45.4% patients had 11-20% plasma cells,marrow of 20% of patients contain 21-60% cells while that of 34.5% patients contain > 60% plasma cells. It was observed thatsome of those patients with plasma cells >60% showed severe anemia, severe thrombocytopenia and severe leucopenia.Radiographic examination showed lytic lesions in all patientsConclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of multiple myeloma patients in Pakistan are comparable topublished data.