Abstract
Wound infection still remains a significant cause of morbidly and mortality. Hence, studying the spectrum of bacterial etiological agents and their drug susceptibility profile is critical. A prospective study was conducted at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory from June 2016 to July 2017. Wound specimens were collected from 366 patients following standard procedures. Specimens were plated and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Identification and drug susceptibility testing of cultures were carried out by using the VITEK 2 compact system. Among 366 wound samples cultured, bacteria grew in 271(74%) samples. The highest (81.9%) wound infections were documented among patients with an age group of 15-64 years. Two hundred twenty one bacterial isolates were recovered of which 43.2% were Gram-negative while, 56.8% were Gram-positive. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci were major Gram-positive bacteria while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were the commonest Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria had the highest overall drug resistance rate against ampicillin. Tobramycin and piperacillin/tazobactam combination were effective antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria. The highest overall resistance rate to Gram-positive bacteria was observed against erythromycin. Vancomycin and linezolid were the most active antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive bacteria. High culture positivity rate of wound infections reported in the present study initiates many similar studies to be conducted on wound in the country. High level of drug resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs dictates a search for better choices.
Highlights
The human skin is one of our first line innate immunities that prevents infections of internal tissues by microorganisms physically
Patients to be included in the study, they must be clinically diagnosed for wound infection, consent to participate in the study, and no anti-bacterial therapy is administered within two weeks prior to their attendance
Out of 366 wound specimens collected from study subjects, bacterial colonies were observed in 271 giving a culture positivity rate of 74%
Summary
The human skin is one of our first line innate immunities that prevents infections of internal tissues by microorganisms physically. Sweat and sebaceous secretions produced by the skin deny microbial infections of internal tissues by a virtue of their acidic pH (3-5). Fatty acids that have antifungal properties and lysozyme that dissolves bacterial cell wall play a major role in the protection of internal tissues by microbial pathogens. A break in the skin that exposes internal tissues to pathogens. It provides moist, warm, and conducive situation that is favorable for bacterial colonization and propagation [1]. Wounds develop into an infected state when the balance between microorganism and the host shifts in favour of the micro-organism [2]
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