Abstract
Interdigitated gates are employed on heterostructure surfaces to induce strong and tunable lateral superlattice potentials of type II, i.e. of purely field-effect origin. The design of the heterostructures is optimized in a way that avoids statistical potential fluctuations even at very low electron densities where screening of carriers is ineffective. Single-particle electron states confined to one-dimensional electron wires are investigated with capacitance spectroscopy. The precise control of the potential as well as the homogeneity of the potential allow us to investigate 'true' quantum wire arrays, i.e. wires in which only the lowest one-dimensional subband is occupied. Furthermore, we employ interdigitated gates to investigate the optical properties of quantum wells in a type II potential superlattice. The lateral fields are sufficiently high to field-ionize optically excited electron-hole pairs. Absorption spectra of the quantum well under such strong lateral fields show the typical signatures of the Franz-Keldysh effect.
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