Abstract

Since the development of photoelectron spectroscopy, a number of methods have been devised to probe the spectroscopic details and relaxation behaviour of cations. Many of the approaches have close links to photoelectron data and this is outlined and illustrated by selected examples in this article. All the methods described probe the electronic transitions of cations and invovle either the detection of the fluorescence of the excited states: photon-photoelectron coincidence measurements, emission spectroscopy with effusive and supersonic free jets, laser induced fluorescence and stimulated emission pumping; or direct absorption detection in neon matrices. The current approaches use mass-selected ion beams for detection of the electronic transitions in the gas-phase by two-photon laser absorption-dissociation and in 5 K matrices by codepositing the ions with neon.

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