Abstract
This article is based on the study of the seasonal and interannual variability of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) at different altitudes of the troposphere over Hyderabad, India, during 2006–2010 using Measurement of OZone and water vapour by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) and observation from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite. The MOZAIC observations show maximum seasonal variability in both CO and O3 during winter and pre-monsoon season, with CO in the range (100–200)±13 ppbv and O3 in the range (50–70)±9 ppbv. The time-series of MOZAIC data shows a significant increase of 4.2±1.3 % in the surface CO and 6.7±1.3 % in the surface O3 during 2006–2010 in Hyderabad. From MOZAIC observations, we identify CO and O3 profiles that are anomalous with respect to the monthly mean and compare those with Weather Research Forecast model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and Model for OZone and Related Tracers, version 4 profiles for the same day. The anomalous profiles of WRF-Chem are simulated using three convection schemes. The goodness of comparison depends on the convection scheme and the altitude region of the troposphere.
Highlights
carbon monoxide (CO) and O3 are trace gases that play a very important role in the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry
The tropospheric CO and O3 variability based on the MOZAIC and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations as well as WRF-Chem and Model for OZone and Related Tracers (MOZART)-4 simulations have been studied in Hyderabad, India
It is noted that the vertical profiles of O3 retrieved from TES observations have less mean bias and standard deviation compared to CO profiles
Summary
CO and O3 are trace gases that play a very important role in the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry. CO is important in the context of climate change, as it indirectly affects the radiative forcing by affecting concentrations of greenhouse gases such as O3 and methane (CH4) (Wigley et al, 2002). O3 is a greenhouse gas because of strong absorption of infrared (IR) radiation centred at 9.6 mm and contributes to global warming (Gauss et al, 2003). The major sources of emission of NOx are biomass burning, biogenic sources, fossil fuel. The major sources of atmospheric CO include incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1994; Holloway et al, 2000; Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006; Duncan et al, 2007). The lifetime of atmospheric (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license
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