Abstract
Abstract The Perote ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus perotensis) is endemic to Mexico and is currently at risk of extinction. Its original range comprised 5,250 km2 in an area known as the Oriental Basin, between the states of Puebla and Veracruz. By the end of the 20th century, however, extensive agricultural practices, overgrazing, and urbanization had already restricted suitable habitat for this species to only 16 localities. Temporal changes in genetic diversity and structure in this species were assessed from 34 museum specimens from 5 historical populations (1990–1992) and 44 individuals from 3 current populations (2007) using the mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region and 5 nuclear microsatellites. We observed a general trend (significant in some cases and nonsignificant in others) suggesting a decrease in genetic diversity within populations and an increase in genetic structure between them in recent years for both sets of markers. A Bayesian skyline reconstruction for the mtDNA sequences was congr...
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