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Abstract
Understanding precipitation variability is essential for regional water management and climate adaptation. This study analyzed annual and monthly precipitation data from 30 stations across Niedersachsen, Germany (1937–2022), using the pre-whitened Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), and Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) to detect trends and seasonal variability. The Sequential MK (SMK) test identified periods of significant change. The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) was also assessed. Results showed significant increasing trends at coastal and northern stations (e.g. 2663, 2844), while inland areas remained stable. IPTA revealed increased precipitation during February, March, and December, especially in coastal regions. SMK indicated major hydrometeorological changes after the mid-1990s. Correlation analysis confirmed the role of NAO, with several northern stations showing positive correlations (r > 0.3, p < 0.05). The integration of classical and graphical trend methods provides valuable insights for regional hydrological planning and climate resilience.
Published Version
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