Spatial Reconfiguration of the Metropolitan Fringe Areas Under Policy Evolution—Taking Guangming District of Shenzhen as an Example

The metropolitan fringe area is of great significance to a city’s future growth. However, relatively little attention has been paid to delineating and characterizing the metropolitan fringe area from a spatial morphology perspective, which contributes to the planning and design of metropolitan fringe areas. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a morphology–based method to delineate the metropolitan fringe area and investigate the characteristics of its spatial morphology. Drawing upon a large–scale dataset on the spatial morphology of Shanghai, this study finds that the metropolitan fringe area is generally circular in shape and is dominated by residential, industrial, agricultural and forestry land. The metropolitan fringe area accounts for 24.65% of the total area of Shanghai and is mainly located between its outer ring and suburban ring areas. The distributions of spatial characteristics of the metropolitan fringe area suggest that the area has a relatively lower level in terms of building height, building density, and development intensity. Furthermore, the metropolitan fringe area of Shanghai contains five key spatial elements, including residential and industrial clusters, shadow spaces accompanying clusters, corridor lines, green wedges, and surfaces. The interaction of the five spatial elements lays the foundation for the prototype of the spatial structure of the metropolitan fringe area of Shanghai, which is of great significance to understanding the heterogeneity within the metropolitan fringe area in terms of the distribution of spatial morphological characteristics. Such heterogeneity also needs to be considered in the planning and design of the metropolitan fringe area.

This paper revisits the question of how best to characterize settlements on the metropolitan fringe of developing countries. We examine the socioeconomic composition and structure of such urban fringe settlements, using three sets of household surveys undertaken in Bangkok (Thailand), Jakarta (Indonesia), and Santiago (Chile) during June-August 1990. The findings reveal the metropolitan fringe areas to be populated mainly by middle- and lower-middle-income households formally employed in service occupations. Informal economic activity exists, but is not significant. Micro-enterprises are the exception. Most fringe residents had moved from other neighborhoods within the capital city rather than from rural settlements. Linkages to rural areas and to agriculture are largely absent; the fringe is spatially and functionally well-integrated into the metropolitan economy. The paper recommends that foreign-assistance program officers and local planners resist global “common themes” or approaches to development planning unique to metropolitan fringe areas.

Rural settlement is the core content of rural geography research. Exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements can provide reference for the optimization of rural settlements. This paper selected Nanjing as a typical case, based on remote sensing image, using R statistics, kernel density analysis, hot spot detection analysis and semi variogram function; the paper analyzed the spatial, scale and morphological distribution characteristics of rural settlements; and preliminarily analyzed the influencing factors of rural settlements distribution in the metropolitan fringe area. The results showed that: (1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements generally presented a “multi-core” center, and a spatial distribution trend of stepwise decline from the core to the periphery, showing a typical “core-edge” structure. (2) There was a significant spatial difference in the scale distribution of rural settlements, which was characterized by a gradual decrease in the scale of rural settlements with the increase in the distance from the central urban area. (3) The morphological distribution of rural settlements showed spatial differentiation, and the morphological types of settlements mainly included strip, arcbelt, cluster and scatter. (4) The distribution of rural settlements was affected by such factors as terrain, river system, traffic, economic and social development, cultural and policy. The distribution of rural settlements had the location orientation of “low altitude, water affinity and road affinity”. The increase in agricultural population, rural economic development, cultural and policy factors played an important role in the distribution of rural settlements in the metropolitan fringe area.

With the development of the regional economy, the metropolitan area has gradually shifted from the rapid development stage of concentrating on the central city to the stage of coordinated and integrated regional development. This trend has brought new development opportunities to the metropolitan fringe area; however, due to the differences in resource endowment and the complex relationship between different levels of government, the metropolitan fringe area inevitably has contradictions and imbalances in economic and social development. There has been extensive research on land use and urban governance in the metropolitan area, but less attention has been paid to the metropolitan fringe area, and it is difficult to quantitatively characterize the complex interactions between various forces in this area. This paper summarizes the spatial pattern and spatiotemporal characteristics of construction land use in the fringe area of Shenzhen metropolitan area based on the 30 m resolution land cover dataset from 2000 to 2020, and analyzes the driving factors affecting the changes of construction land use through logistic regression. The results show that the overall land use in the study area is shifting from cropland and forest land to urban and rural construction land. With different stages of development, the rate of land change varies greatly from one period to another. Three factors, population density, lighting index and distance to highway, have a significant correlation with the changes in built-up land across the region, while the boundary effects of administrative boundaries show some variation in the impact of urban land expansion at different economic levels. Finally, we put forward that reducing the negative impact of administrative divisions on the integration of resources in different cities is important for realizing the synergistic development of the Shenzhen metropolitan area.

Tourism-driven rural spatial restructuring in the metropolitan fringe: An empirical observation

Urban geography is widely used in urban planning, regional planning, and multiform strategy researches about urban and area development. In the new period, urban geography is facing omnifarious innovation request in china. Firstly, the paper indicates that many problems such as lack of concept, disordered definition in basic concepts of urban geography in China; it is important to define basic concepts of urban areas to enhance pertinence and rationality of region research and region policy. Late-development countries have not duplicated the typical urbanized regional model of developed countries, which reveal urban geography possesses broad research prospect and opportunity in the countries whose economy and society reform rapidly. Under globalization, researcher should attach importance to singularity of the subjects and perspectiveness of research conclusions. Then, through introduction of research development, the paper discusses application of technical method in urban geography from angles of constitution of urban development strategy, quantification, facility location and geocomputation. Furthermore, through research development of business center, the paper expounds the significance of combining speculative knowledge with technical method. Finally, the paper summarizes the enlightenments which are beneficial to urban geography research.

(2001). When City and Country Collide—Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe. Tom Daniels; The Making of Milwaukee. John Gurda. Urban Geography: Vol. 22, The New Urbanism and Neotraditional Town Planning, pp. 287-290.

Journal Article Poverty, Prosperity, and Place: The Shape of Class Segregation in the Age of Extremes Get access Rachel E. Dwyer Rachel E. Dwyer The Ohio State University Direct correspondence to: Rachel E. Dwyer, Department of Sociology, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue Mall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail, dwyer.46@sociology.osu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 57, Issue 1, 1 February 2010, Pages 114–137, https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2010.57.1.114 Published: 30 July 2014

Urban Peacebuilding in Divided Societies explores the effects of urban policy and planning in the management of ethnic conflict in strife-torn societies, focusing on the cases of Belfast and Johannesburg. It combines perspectives from urban geography, political science, social psychology, and urban planning to study the relationship between ethnic ideologies and the urban strategies that affect ethnic territoriality in the form of urban land use, housing, economic development, services, and citizen involvement. The book contrasts Belfast, embedded within an uncertain shift from conflict to political settlement, with Johannesburg, engaged in post-resolution reconciliation, to analyze, along different points of societal transition, the contributions of urban policymaking to peacemaking and peacebuilding. It describes the differing rolesobstructive or facilitativethat contested cities can play amidst broader peacemaking efforts, consistent with Bollens contention that there are lessons in urban peacebuilding for constructing mutually tolerable living environments at the regional and national levels. Effectively, cities (and urban policies) are the locus for operationalizing national ideologies of ethnic coexistence. } Urban Peacebuilding in Divided Societies explores the effects of urban policy and planning in the management of ethnic conflict in strife-torn societies, focusing on the cases of Belfast and Johannesburg. It combines perspectives from urban geography, political science, social psychology, and urban planning to study the relationship between ethnic ideologies and the urban strategies that affect ethnic territoriality in the form of urban land use, housing, economic development, services, and citizen involvement. The book contrasts Belfast, embedded within an uncertain shift from conflict to political settlement, with Johannesburg, engaged in post-resolution reconciliation, to analyze, along different points of societal transition, the contributions of urban policymaking to peacemaking and peacebuilding. It describes the differing rolesobstructive or facilitativethat contested cities can play amidst broader peacemaking efforts, consistent with Bollens contention that there are lessons in urban peacebuilding for constructing mutually tolerable living environments at the regional and national levels. Effectively, cities (and urban policies) are the locus for operationalizing national ideologies of ethnic coexistence.}

This study is concerned with the rural-urban fringe as a complex transition zone on the periphery of growing urban areas in Western countries. Case studies of the fringe and related areas are reviewed, and a definition of the rural-urban fringe is suggested. Further, the urban fringe is differentiated from the rural fringe, the former constituting the subzone of most rapid exurban invasion. Hypotheses are postulated regarding the residents, accessibility, and land and dwellings in the fringe, and suggestions for future studies are outlined in the conclusion.

The broad aim of this paper is to track the evolution of adult literacy policy in the UK across three decades, highlighting convergences between policy phases and the promotion of democratic learning spaces. It is anchored onto the argument that, although it is generally accepted that democratic learning spaces are perceived as beneficial to adult literacy learners, policy has often deterred its promotion and, therefore, implementation. The paper identifies three block phases of adult literacy development: the seventies to mid-eighties, the mid-eighties to mid-nineties and the mid-nineties to the Moser Committees. The features of each of these phases are highlighted to map out convergences and divergences to the ethos of democratic learning spaces. The paper argues that, with the evolution of policy in adult literacy, the ethos of democratic learning space continuously diminished, such that as policy evolved year on year, the principle of democratic learning space found itself at counterpoint to policy. We draw on two theoretical frameworks, the NLS view of literacy and Bourdieu’s capital framework to explain these divergences and conclude that the dominant perception of literacy and the prioritised capital in the context of policy appear to limit the vestiges of democratic learning spaces.

Critical metals constitute essential raw materials for clean energy transition, making their policy evolution highly significant for global resource governance. Analyzing policy texts from China (1973–2024), this study develops a three-dimensional analytical framework—Instrument Type, Policy Objective, and Implementation Domain—integrated with social network analysis to investigate the characteristics and drivers of policy evolution. Findings indicate that China’s critical metal governance paradigm has shifted from securing resource supply to pursuing sustainability goals. Policy instruments have transitioned from authority-based dominance to diversified combinations, while the policy network, centered on the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), exhibits increasingly frequent interdepartmental collaboration. The evolution is shown to stem from the dynamic interdependence between policy instruments and network structures. This research provides theoretical and practical insights for optimizing critical metals governance systems.

Part 1: Introduction 1. Rural Transformations: Conceptual and Policy Issues Sally Shortall and Mildred E. Warner 2. The Agency of Rural Research in Comparative Context Philip Lowe Part 2: Socio-Economic Change 3. Migration and Urban-Rural Population Redistribution in the UK and US Tony Champion and David L. Brown 4. Demographic Ageing in Rural Areas: Insights from the UK and US Lorna Philip, David Brown and Aileen Stockdale 5. Conceptualizing Contemporary Immigrant Integration in the Rural United States and United Kingdom Philomena de Lima, Pilar A. Parra, and Max J. Pfeffer 6. Rural Poverty and Social Exclusion in the United States and the United Kingdom Mark Shucksmith and Kai Schafft 7. Rural Economic Transformations in the UK and US Jane Atterton, John Bryden and Tom Johnson 8. Entrepreneurial Behaviour Among Rural In-Migrants Gary Bosworth and Nina Glasgow 9. Local Food Systems and Networks in the US and the UK: Community Development Considerations for Rural Areas Clare Hinrichs and Liz Charles Part 3: Governance 10. Policy Affecting Rural People, Economies and Communities John Bryden and Mildred E. Warner 11. The Evolution of Agriculture and Agricultural Policy in the UK and USA Kathryn Brasier, Jill Findeis, Carmen Hubbard, Lionel Hubbard and Rodrigo Salcedo DuBois 12. Agri-Environmental Policy, Rural Environments and Forks in the Road: A Comparative Analysis of the US and the UK Clive Potter and Steven Wolf 13. Nature Conservation and Environmental Management: Working Landscapes in Adirondack Park, USA, and Cairngorms National Park, UK Jo Vergunst, Charles Geisler and Richard Stedman 14. Regionalism and Rural Policy Sally Hewitt and Nicola Thompson 15. Rural Governance: Participation, Power and Possibilities for Action Megan Swindal and Ruth McAreavey 16. Constructing the Rural-Urban Interface: Place Still Matters in a Highly Mobile Society Mark Shucksmith, David L. Brown and Jo Vergunst Annex: The Statistical Measurement of Urban and Rural Residence in the UK and US Tony Champion and David L. Brown

Surveillance of HIV in the United States and England, Wales, and Northern Ireland

Urbanization in post‐war Japan has been phenomenal. Massive migration from rural to urban areas led to the expansion of metropolitan areas both in population and in geographical terms, and has consequently caused various problems related to land development such as high land prices, long distance commuting, poor housing conditions, inadequate infrastructure provision and urban sprawl. All these problems have been most conspicuous in the metropolitan fringe areas where the pressure for development has been strongest. In 1968, the Japanese government introduced a set of new planning measures including distinct land zones within which urbanization would and would not be permitted, as a major device for controlling land development in the metropolitan areas. However, its effect is questionable: a number of small, sporadic developments have taken place within Urbanization Control Areas whilst a large amount of land within Urbanization Promotion Areas has remained undeveloped. The paper ends with a discussion o...