Spatial Distribution of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Habitats Associated with the Rice Agroecosystem of Northern California

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine whether abundance, blood feeding rates, and sex ratios of adult Anopheles freeborni Aitken and Culex tarsalis Coquillett were associated significantly with either rice field, pasture, riparian, or mixed habitats found within the rice culture agroecosystem of northern California. Significantly higher numbers of adult An. freeborni occurred in riparian and mixed habitats compared with rice and pasture habitats. Such a pattern was not evident for Cx. tarsalis. Riparian and pasture habitats contained significantly higher proportions of blood fed An. freeborni females than did rice and mixed habitats; however, the proportions of blood fed Cx. tarsalis females did not vary significantly among habitat types. The proportions of blood fed An. freeborni and Cx. tarsalis females in riparian habitats decreased with increasing abundance. There was no correlation between blood feeding rates and abundance for An. freeborni and Cx. tarsalis females in the other habitat types. The sex ratio of An. freeborni in pasture and riparian habitats was significantly female biased, unlike the other habitats which did not differ significantly from unity (1:1). Overall, riparian and mixed habitats contained greater numbers of adults mosquitoes; therefore, surveillance and control efforts of these mosquito species should be focused on such habitats.