Spatial Analysis of Academic Competence Level of Countries Regarding Tourism - Recreation Planning and Geographical Information Systems Relationship

This study aims to comprehensively examine the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in tourism planning and management. The role of GIS in the tourism sector is becoming increasingly important, especially in areas such as spatial data analysis, decision support systems, and sustainable tourism planning. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of academic studies was conducted, examining current trends, thematic clusters, international collaborations, and citation networks in detail. The methodology of the study is based on bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. These analyses reveal the methods and areas in which GIS is utilized in tourism planning, as well as the prominent topics and countries that have collaborated more in this field. Based on articles in the Scopus database, the research visualized and analyzed the issues on which publications focus, the collaboration networks between authors, and the most cited studies. The findings demonstrate that GIS is effectively utilized in tourism planning, particularly in areas such as sustainable tourism, infrastructure planning, and environmental impact assessments. However, topics such as big data analytics and intelligent city planning have not yet been sufficiently explored. In addition, international collaborations are concentrated among countries such as the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and Türkiye. The most frequently cited authors and studies were those related to sustainable tourism and its environmental impacts. In conclusion, this study offers a deeper understanding of the versatile applications of GIS in the tourism sector and provides important insights for future research. In particular, it is emphasized that issues such as integrating GIS with big data and artificial intelligence should be further explored.

This chapter introduces the main applications of geographical information systems (GIS) as well as their specific applications in tourism and recreation planning in natural environments. A case study is presented on the application of GIS in wildlife tourism in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is argued that GIS is particularly useful for evaluating the appeal to tourists of a particular place or region, for predicting the number of potential visitors to a recreational area, or for assessing the impact of tourists on wildlife. Such information can help to identify ecological and tourism hotspots and in doing so make a valuable contribution to conservation and public policy concerns.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is one of the modern methods that contributed extensively to facilitating the tasks and performance of planners during decisions related to the development or analysis of a particular problem with a spatial dimension, and this technique has been used in many different scientific fields such as the study of the distribution of services, analysis of land uses, or the division of transportation. The paper aims to highlight the benefits of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in tourism planning, identify the basic stages of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications in tourism planning, and to identify the importance of using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the tourism planning of archaeological sites in Fatimid Cairo. This study was based on a descriptive analytical approach and the field survey method was applied in the sample method to reach conclusions that serve the objectives of the study. This study was finalized by several results, most notably: The need to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in documenting the monuments by transferring all images, data and written inscriptions on them and illustrating them through pictures and videos, to form a database to be available to the tourist, researcher and planner. The planning of archaeological sites using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the study area (Fatimid Cairo), saves time and effort by relying on aerial and space images and topographic maps with high accuracy and conducting analysis and reaching accurate results in a very short period, compared to the time required using traditional methods.

This study examines the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in tourism planning and sustainable destination management, using Gelnica, Slovakia, as a case study. The research highlights a key challenge—the absence of systematic visitor data collection—which hinders tourism market analysis, demand assessment, and strategic decision-making. The study integrates alternative data sources, including the Google Places API, to address this gap to analyse Points of Interest (POIs) based on user-generated reviews, ratings, and spatial attributes. The methodological framework combines data acquisition, spatial analysis, and GIS-based visualisation, employing thematic and heat maps to assess tourism resources and visitor behaviour. The findings reveal critical spatial patterns and tourism dynamics, identifying high-demand zones and underutilised locations. Results underscore the potential of GIS to optimise tourism infrastructure, enhance visitor management, and inform evidence-based decision-making. This study advocates for systematically integrating GIS technologies with visitor monitoring and digital tools to improve destination competitiveness and sustainability. The proposed GIS-driven approach offers a scalable and transferable model for data-informed tourism planning in similar historic and environmentally sensitive regions.

This paper discusses the value and scope of geographical information systems (GIS) in tourism planning. The discussion focuses on the functionality and application of GIS in tourism development projects (TDPs) before moving on to assess the level of current interest and adoption of the technology through studies of tourism and GIS consultants. The paper argues that GIS can bring significant added value to decision making through data analysis, modelling and forecasting. A literature review focuses on TDPs in sensitive environmental and cultural contexts where the sustainability is a prime consideration. Many of these applications suggest that GIS is well suited to the practice of tourism planners but the findings of the studies suggest a limited use of the technology. Reasons for this lukewarm response include a limited awareness of GIS functionality, a preference for using tried and tested non-computer-based methods of planning, and a widespread avoidance of the technology because of the (assumed) high procurement costs involved. Some tentative recommendations are made on how to improve the accessibility of GIS to tourism planners.

I Geographical Information Systems and Planning.- 1 Geographical information systems: the emerging requirements.- 2 The application of geographical information systems in urban and regional planning.- 3 Growth of geographical information system applications in developing countries.- II Data Management.- 4 Intelligent information systems for accessing planning databases: the San Francisco experience.- 5 Geographical information systems database design: experiences of the Dutch National Physical Planning Agency.- III Urban Planning Applications.- 6 Information management within the planning process.- 7 Fixed asset management and geographical information systems in the Netherlands.- 8 Geographic information system development in Tacoma.- IV Decision Support Systems for Land Use Plannng.- 9 Regional planning for new housing in Randstad Holland.- 10 Geographical information system applications in environmental impact assessment.- 11 A geographical information system based decision support system for environmental zoning.- 12 Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to agricultural land use in the Netherlands.- V Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Decision Support.- 13 The application of geographical information systems in the spatial analysis of crime.- 14 Spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a review of progress and possibilities.- 15 Geographical information systems and model based analysis: towards effective decision support systems.- 16 Decision support and geographical information systems.- VI Education and Management.- 17 Education in geographical information systems.- 18 How to cope with geographical information systems in your organisation.- VII Developments in Hardware and Software.- 19 Geoprocessing and geographic information system hardware and software: looking toward the 1990s.- 20 Geographical information systems and visualization.- VIII Information Based Societies.- 21 Geographical information systems in perspective.- References.- Color plates.

Aims and Place of Study: A comprehensive framework is developed in conjunction with recommendations for resolving the crisis confronting national-level tourism plans, which is then applied to the Libyan case. Until now, overcoming a lack of tourism planning in unstable countries has been a lengthy, expensive process, with detailed solutions tailored to such an environment rarely being implemented systematically. the current study may contribute to developing tourism crisis management plans, thereby improving this sector and reviving tourism in Libya.
 Methodology: It is argued that by systematically examining the people involved in the tourism planning as well as the tourism sector in general along with the tourism planning documents against a set of criteria, much can be learned about tourism planning. While plans vary according to context, all tourism plans should incorporate certain characteristics. This dissertation identified several characteristics that should be included in national-level tourism plans, including involved stakeholders and the inclusion of scenarios and a backup plan.
 Results: This research determines the factors that constituted an obstacle to tourism development in Libya through the PESTEL model and then focused on a number of those factors. Based on the analysis of these factors, a model is developed that organises the practical elements that could enhance the tourism sector in developing countries. This is considered a pillar of national tourism planning, focusing on local and international stakeholders and their role in the success of the planning and identifying other factors supporting the planning process and then dividing each component. It then points to crucial points drawn from the relevant literature indicating the characteristics of a good plan and the human and financial resources that must be reserved in the plan due to their importance to the success of planning. The framework is then used to guide the examination and evaluation of documents about the Libyan Tourism Plan.
 Conclusion: The analysis concludes with recommendations for improving Libyan tourism planning and maximising the benefits of the current Libyan tourism plan (LNTP) 2009-2025. This research contributes to tourism planning by proposing a framework that can address tourism plans of the politically troubled nations at the national level, thereby facilitating the identification of problems and issues, allowing for the most efficient learning from mistakes, and providing a framework for conducting comparative studies.

Visual quality assessment for recreation and tourism planning: a case study of olympus national seashore in Turkey

The quantitative “diversity” method of the German geoecologist Hans Kiemstedt was adopted for the needs of a geoecological evaluation and landscape planning of the Kozara National Park in the Republic of Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina to be used for relaxation and recreation purposes. The aim of this paper is to indicate that geoecology can provide spatial planners with the expertise of landscape research, evaluation, planning and management. The method was employed to carry out landscape analysis and categorization, then the process of evaluation was done, based on which a synthetic map of the recreation potential of the research area was created. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used as a powerful tool that can provide a more detailed and meaningful analysis. This study shows the importance of integration a geoecological evaluation method with a geographic information system in order to get such a spacious offer in which the recreation areas are situated in most favorable places without negative effects on the environment. The evaluation of the Kozara National Park recreational potential conducted on a research area covering 3,907.54 ha leads to the conclusion that the area is mostly conditionally suitable for recreational activities. Obtained results showed that 41.32% is suitable and very suitable for recreation, especially distributed in central, northern, eastern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the National Park of Kozara.

Disaster-oriented tourism planning is a critical aspect of sustainable tourism development, aiming to minimize the negative impacts of disasters on tourism destinations while ensuring the safety of tourists and local communities. This article presents a comprehensive study on disaster-oriented tourism planning, focusing on risk management and vulnerability assessment using the most modern technology, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The research explores the intricate relationship between tourism and disasters, highlighting the vulnerability of tourism destinations to various hazards such as natural disasters. It enhances the need for a proper scientific planning and preparedness to mitigate the future risks and ensure the solution of the tourism sector. The study explores a GIS-based approach to assess the vulnerability of tourism destinations to different hazards. GIS is utilized to collect, analyze, and visualize spatial data related to hazard occurrence, infrastructure, demographics, and tourism assets. By integrating these data layers, the research identifies areas of high vulnerability and assesses the potential impacts of disasters on tourism infrastructure, economic activities, and community well-being. Furthermore, the research examines various risk management strategies and their application in disaster-oriented tourism planning. East Sikkim is taken as a study area as the hilly Terrin of India are most disaster-prone, and MC -SDSS was used in GIS software for a better understanding. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for all tourism stakeholders in developing effective disaster management plans. By integrating risk management and vulnerability assessment into tourism planning processes, destinations can enhance their resilience to disasters, minimize economic losses, and ensure the safety of tourists and local communities.

The importance of geographic information system (GIS) in daily life is well known as it is really helpful and eases the user. GIS is basically a database system with software that can analyse and display data using digitized maps and tables for planning and decision-making. Unfortunately, there are people in rural area that far from unreachable to apply this GIS tool in life. Thus, this reviewed study aimed to provide further understanding of the application of GIS in emergency preparedness for rural areas. It also will be able to recognize a management information system for rural planning. This systematic literature review concentrates on previous research starting from 2015 to 2020 to evaluate the application of GIS in mapping, transportation planning and network service. From 24 papers that have been analysed under eligibility test, 37.5% of them reviewed on the application of GIS, another 37.5% on emergency preparedness and 25% for rural area. The result shows there is a common type of knowledge and the way it can respond to emergency preparedness. Nevertheless, there are fewer cases related to rural areas and it shows the need for more case studies and experimental research to support this promising field. In conclusion, to meet present day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluate the effectiveness of GIS in rural areas.

Tourism planning is a kind of protective development planning for scientific and rational optimization of tourism space and tourism resources. At present, there have been problems in tourism planning, such as unclear role, imperfect content system and immature compilation technology, which have caused difficulties in landing tourism planning and conflicts with other planning. Under the background of territorial spatial planning system reform, tourism planning into the territorial spatial planning system has great theoretical significance and very urgent practical significance. Based on the analysis of the existing problems and causes of tourism planning, this paper puts forward that ' multi-planning ' should include tourism demand and influence in the process of ' integration ', and the optimization path of tourism planning compilation system oriented by integrating into the territorial spatial planning system. And from the census of tourism resources, modify the general rules of tourism planning, the introduction of tourism planning preparation methods, the establishment of tourism sector spatial information subsystem, strengthen the typical tourism destinations spatial planning guidance and tourism planning and other ' multi planning ' department discussion and exchange of six aspects put forward tourism planning into the territorial spatial planning system optimization strategy. The purpose is to standardize the preparation of tourism planning, actively integrate into the territorial spatial planning system, promote the internal cohesion of the ' five levels and three categories ‘territorial spatial planning system, and scientifically guide the planning and construction of tourism destinations.

Abstract. The concept of 'Eco-tourism' is increasingly heard in recent decades. Ecotourism is one adventure that environmentally responsible intended to appreciate the nature experiences and cultures. Ecotourism should have low impact on environment and must contribute to the prosperity of local residents. This article reviews the use of Multiple Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in ecotourism. Multiple criteria evaluation mostly used to land suitability analysis or fulfill specific objectives based on various attributes that exist in the selected area. To support the process of environmental decision making, the application of GIS is used to display and analysis the data through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Integration between MCE and GIS tool is important to determine the relative weight for the criteria used objectively. With the MCE method, it can resolve the conflict between recreation and conservation which is to minimize the environmental and human impact. Most studies evidences that the GIS-based AHP as a multi criteria evaluation is a strong and effective in tourism planning which can aid in the development of ecotourism industry effectively.

Application of GIS

In the past 10 years, geographic information systems (GIS) have been widely used in urban and regional planning in the developed countries in Australia, North America and Europe. However, the use of GIS in urban and regional planning in the developing countries is limited and still at an early stage of development. This paper examines the current use of GIS in urban and regional planning in the developing countries in Asia. The major hindrances in the use of GIS in the developing countries is related not so much to the technology of GIS but more to data availability, leadership, organization structure and planning practice. For GIS to be more useful to urban and regional planning in the developing countries the development of a sustainable strategy in developing GIS and staff training is needed. International assistance agencies and GIS software companies can play an active role in making GIS available and usable to the planners in the developing countries.