Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to regulate tissue development and cell morphology, movement, and differentiation. SPARCL1 is an ECM protein, but its role in mouse cell differentiation has not been widely investigated. The results of western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that SPARCL1 is associated with the repair of muscle damage in mice and that SPARCL1 binds to bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) by regulating BMP/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cell signaling. This pathway promotes the differentiation of C2C12 cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we also showed that SPARCL1 activates BMP/TGF-β to promote the differentiation of C2C12 cells. BMP7 molecules were found to interact with SPARCL1 by immunoprecipitation analysis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to verify the effect of BMP7 on C2C12 cell differentiation. Furthermore, SPARCL1 was shown to influence the expression of BMP7 and activity of the BMP/TGF-β signaling pathway. Finally, SPARCL1 activation was accompanied by BMP7 inhibition in C2C12 cells, which confirmed that SPARCL1 affects BMP7 expression and can promote C2C12 cell differentiation through the BMP/TGF-β pathway. The ECM is essential for muscle regeneration and damage repair. This study intends to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of muscle development and provide new treatment ideas for muscle injury diseases.
Highlights
SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1) is a member of the family of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC, osteonectin, or BM40)
SPARCL1 influences C2C12 cell differentiation To verify the effects of SPARCL1 on the differentiation of C2C12 cells, the SPARCL1 gene was activated by CRISPR/Cas[9] technology, and a Short interfering RNA (siRNA) fragment was used to inhibit SPARCL1 expression in C2C12 cells
Muscle lysis occurred after 3 days of muscle damage (D3), and newly formed nuclei and small muscle bundles appeared at 5 days after muscle injury (D5), indicating that the muscles had started repairing, with new muscle cells containing nuclei in the center observed at 7 days after muscle injury (D7)
Summary
SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1) is a member of the family of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC, osteonectin, or BM40). SPARCL1 is known as ECM2, SC1, Hevin, MAST9, and RAGS11. SPARCL1 was originally screened out from a brain cDNA expression library by Johnston et al.[2]. The SPARCL1 protein, which is approximately 650 amino acids, can be divided into three major components: N-terminal acidic domain, Follistatinlike domain (FS), and C-terminal extracellular calciumbinding domain[3]. SPARC has been demonstrated to regulate biological processes such as cell proliferation[4], anticell adhesion[5], and tissue repair[6]. Numerous studies have revealed that SPARC affects muscle
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