Abstract
A persistent legend describes Franco Spain as a generous haven for Jews who sought to escape Nazi persecution, especially the Sephardic Jews with Spanish citizenship living in Nazi-occupied Europe. The legend has survived despite scholarly publications in the 1970s and 1980s concluding that Spain did less than it could have to rescue persecuted Jews. This study of the fate of Spanish Jews living under German rule during World War II, based on all of the relevant German, Spanish, and Israeli archives, confirms this conclusion and suggests that the reason Spain did not do more was the government's fear of a growing Jewish community.
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