Abstract
The use of inoculated microorganisms on seeds has increased in Brazil, as they help on the fixation and use of nutrients by plants, promoting increasing yields, mainly due to the reduction in the application of nitrogen fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of single inoculation and co-inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria on seeds and foliar inoculation on soybean, in the region of Tangará da Serra – MT, Brazil. The experimental design used was a randomized block with 9 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were composed by using B. japonicum and A. brasilense bacteria in different combinations and times of application on seeds and sprayed on the leaves. The use of A. brasilense together with B. japonicum significantly improved the agronomic characteristics of the evaluated soybean cultivar. There was an increase in yield with the use of A. brasilense through the co-inoculation technique when compared to the single use of Bradyrhizobium. The use of co-inoculation at V3 soybean stage promoted higher nodulation and yield than the standard inoculation performed in the seeds, ensuring better results of nodulation and yield besides increasing the size of the soybean root system, when there and co-inoculation techniques were implemented.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) production is among the most prominent agricultural activities in the global market, as it is the fourth most produced and consumed grain in the world, behind wheat, rice and maize, and the main oilseed crop cultivated (Lazzarotto & Hirakuri, 2010)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of single inoculation and co-inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria on seeds and foliar inoculation on soybean, in the region of Tangará da Serra – MT, Brazil
There was an increase in yield with the use of A. brasilense through the co-inoculation technique when compared to the single use of Bradyrhizobium
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) production is among the most prominent agricultural activities in the global market, as it is the fourth most produced and consumed grain in the world, behind wheat, rice and maize, and the main oilseed crop cultivated (Lazzarotto & Hirakuri, 2010). One of the main factors that contribute to the success of its yield is the proper management of nutrition (Souza, 2016) In this context, nitrogen is one of the nutrients most required by the crop, as 80 kg of N are necessary to produce 1,000 kg of grains, and nitrogen is considered crucial for crop production, because the grains are very rich in proteins, with an average protein content of 40% (Hungria et al, 2001). Considering the current and potential limitations of biological nitrogen fixation with soybean and the benefits for various crops attributed to the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, it is inferred that co-inoculation with the two organisms and a supplementary foliar inoculation can improve the performance of root nodulation and lead to gains in yield, taking an approach that respects the current demands of agricultural, economic, social and environmental sustainability (Hungria et al, 2013). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of single inoculation and coinoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria on seed treatment and their foliar inoculation on soybean in the region of Tangará da Serra - MT, Brazil
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