Abstract
Abstract Water-mass changes are estimated in the southwest Pacific Ocean by comparing a meridional hydrographic section along 170°W between 60°S and the equator occupied in 1968/69 during the Southern Cross cruise and again in 1990 during a NOAA Climate and Global Change cruise. Another comparison is made using a hydrographic section along 35°S between the date line and 169°W occupied in 1969 during USNS Eltanin cruise 40 and again in 1991 during a Mapkiwi cruise. The most robust change consists of cooling (and freshening) on isopycnals, with peak differences exceeding −1.0°C (−0.25 pss) at the base of the subtropical thermocline. The cooling and freshening starts above the stratification minimum of the Subantarctic Mode Water and persists to below the salinity minimum of the Antarctic Intermediate Water. Amplitudes are largest at 48°S, near where these water masses subduct, and decay toward 20°S, near the axis of the Subtropical Gyre. This change is likely the result of surface warming and/or freshening ...
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