Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic field caused by transportation systems is a cause of concern for many people. In public and personal transport there are many sources of electromagnetic field. Plenty of dosimetric analyses of electromagnetic field carried out by various research groups found out very high exposure values in the transport. Although the measured fields in transport remain well below the general limit for public exposure as defined by ICNIRP (1998) standards, they are relatively high compared to other micro-environments in daily life, especially for children seated in the rear seat, as field strengths are comparatively high there and children are a sensitive part of the population. How long-term effects of these fields affect the human organism and what is the mechanism of action, are questions without known answers. Several studies point to the potential association of various diseases with exposure to electromagnetic field. The key to understanding the effect of the electromagnetic field on the human organism is to reveal the mechanism of action of the field.
Highlights
The general public is exposed to an ever-increasing number of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources due to new infrastructure deployments, smart environments, novel wireless devices, various electric equipment and technologies
New technological developments during recent years are leading to the introduction of new sources of electromagnetic field
Inductive battery charging for electric cars, are bearing exposure potential for occupants staying nearby, commonly implemented technologies than VANET or Bluetooth, and others present some future challenges for the exposure of the general population
Summary
The general public is exposed to an ever-increasing number of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources due to new infrastructure deployments, smart environments, novel wireless devices, various electric equipment and technologies (i.e., transmission lines, transformers, typical household appliances and their power supplies, public/personal transport and their technologies). Transport is a source of both low-frequency and highfrequency EMF. Sources of low-frequency EMF are various vehicle components requiring electric energy. The frequency range of such fields is wide, ranging from a few Hz to several kHz. Electric and hybrid vehicles produce stronger EMF than traditional vehicles fitted with only petrol or diesel engines. Exposure to electromagnetic field caused by the transportation system is a cause of concern for many people. To determine impact of electromagnetic fields on human health, it is needed to know values of EMF quantities. The article summarizes EMF values in various microenvironment and links them to potential health risks
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