Abstract
This study was carried out primarily to understand the hydrogeochemical processes controlling the 226Ra anomalies in Ramsar area. Analyses revealed two types of water: (1) non-thermal Ca–HCO3 type and (2) thermal Na–Cl type, mainly of meteoric and hydrothermal origin, respectively. Non-thermal springs have higher concentrations of U due to silicate weathering. Thermal springs are characterized by high concentrations of 226Ra, As, Fe, Li, Cs, Rb, Sr, Ba, B, Br−, F−, NO3−, PO43− and SiO2 resulting from high-temperature water–rossck interaction and mixing with hydrothermal fluids. Thermal springs are manifestations of an old hydrothermal system with subsurface reservoir temperatures varying between 83 and 100 °C. Radium activity is negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with TDS, Cl−, Ba, and Ca, reflecting competitive ion effects of alkaline-earth metals, complexing with Cl−, and co-precipitation with barite and calcite. These processes are thought to be the dominant factors in controlling 226Ra mobility in spring water.
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