Abstract
Green and blue infrastructures provide economic, environmental, and social benefits to urban life. Various areas that are passing through such infrastructures have implications for those benefits. For instance, urban, rural, agricultural, and industrial zones extend the services and disservices of green and blue infrastructures. Such extensions also have various implications on the environment and public health. Sound is one of those under-examined aspects of aggregated effects of green and blue infrastructures. This study aims to contribute to whether soundscape is affected by three pillars of urban, industrial, and rural areas among green and blue infrastructures. The study result shows no significant difference among those zones; however, urbanized areas include the highest sound levels. Industrial and rural zones show similar patterns. The study also identified that green infrastructure has more effects on the soundscape paradigm. The results also imply that green and blue infrastructures should be designated in harmony to produce a more sound-friendly environment considering the current major uses of the areas.
Highlights
The changing trend of the world significantly expands to a critical urbanization level on a global scale
The increase in the rate of people living in cities shows a pattern from rural to urban areas, and the number of people living in urban areas increases, natural areas and wildlife habitats are destroyed for urban development, and the urban fabric invades the rural fabric along with natural areas [2,3]
This study aims to understand sound patterns of green and blue infrastructures that include the aforementioned urban characteristics
Summary
The changing trend of the world significantly expands to a critical urbanization level on a global scale. Since the urban sprawl increases as a result of the human population increase, the road, energy, and infrastructure need to increase, and such transformation causes the diminishment of remaining natural areas into urban areas. The recreational potential of the areas designed within the scope of green infrastructure activities will provide another ecosystem service to increase the quality of life of the people living in that region [6]. With all these benefits, urban green infrastructure working together with blue infrastructure has been associated with improvements in anxiety, stress, and emotional well-being and a lower risk of depression [7,8]. Green and blue infrastructures provide essential services to modern cities, such as improving aesthetics and air quality, regulating microclimates and air humidity, lowering air temperature, and balancing the sound environment [10]
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