Abstract
Ultrasonic cries from an immobilized vespertilionid batMyotis daubentoni, were recorded simultaneously in front of the bat (on-axis), and at various off-axis angles. The differences between the on-axis and off-axis spectra were computed and related to the theory of directional emission from a baffled rigid-piston radiator. This theory implies zero radiation at a specific frequency for a given piston diameter and off-axis angle (Fig. 1). The bat's difference spectra showed notches of ca. 25 dB with properties as the zeros of the piston theory (Fig. 7). The structure of off-axis cries was found to be qualitatively predictable from the on-axis cries, using the piston theory (Fig. 4). The difference spectra had a complex, oscillatory fine-structure that could not be accounted for by the basic piston theory.
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