Sorrow, Sadness, And Impoverishment: The Lives Of Chagossians In Mauritius

Placing a housing lens on neighbourhood disadvantage, socioeconomic position and mortality

Housing, stress, and physical well-being: evidence from Thailand.

Minoritized youth encounter racial and ethnic prejudice and discrimination in a variety of settings, including schools. Prejudice refers to harboring negative attitudes and beliefs toward targeted social groups; discrimination reflects translating those attitudes into actions that marginalize targeted groups. Exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination has been associated with numerous detrimental outcomes for youth, including poorer mental health outcomes and lower levels of academic performance. This article describes the nature of racial and ethnic discrimination encountered by minoritized youth as well as its impact on these populations. It also reviews research on prejudice reduction interventions for youth, with a focus on those interventions designed for school settings. In light of existing research, several policy recommendations support high-quality, evidence-based programming in schools.

Social gradients have been found across European populations, where less affluent groups are more often affected by poor housing and neighbourhood conditions. While poor housing and neighbourhood quality have been associated with a range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), these conditions have rarely been applied to the examination of socioeconomic differences in NCDs. This study therefore asks ‘to what extent does adjusting for poor housing and neighbourhood conditions reduce inequalities in NCDs among men and women in Europe’? Our analysis used pooled-data from 20 European countries for women (n= 12 794) and men (n= 11 974), aged 25–75, from round 7 of the European Social Survey. Fourteen NCDs were investigated: heart/circulatory problems, high blood pressure, back pain, arm/hand pain, foot/leg pain, allergies, breathing problems, stomach/digestion problems, skin conditions, diabetes, severe headaches, cancer, obesity and depression. We used binary logistic regression models, stratified by gender, and adjusted rate ratios to examine whether educational inequalities in NCDs were reduced after controlling for poor housing and neighbourhood quality. Overall, we find that adjusting for poor housing and neighbourhood quality reduces inequalities in NCDs. While reductions were relatively small for some NCDs–for high blood pressure, reductions were found in the range of 0–4.27% among women—for other conditions reductions were more considerable. Controlling for both housing and neighbourhood conditions for example, reduced inequalities by 16–24% for severe headaches and 14–30% for breathing problems. Social gradients in poor housing and neighbourhood quality could be an important contributor to educational inequalities in some NCDs.

This chapter focuses on South Asian American (SAA) experiences with immigrating to and living within the US It discusses the shifts in immigration, how these movements have influenced the sociopolitical climate, and the nature of discrimination that SAAs have experienced as a result of these changes. The chapter also discusses the psychological impact of discrimination experiences. It then focuses on two case studies, including Oak Creek's community needs after a hate crime and the case of a 12-year-old girl named Sahara, to illustrate clinical practices and therapeutic interventions to consider when working with SAAs who have experienced ethnic and racial discrimination while living in the US Acculturative stress is something that both first- and second-generation immigrants experience, though bicultural stress may be best conceptualized from the perspective of second-generation immigrants specifically. Some of the most common discrimination experiences of SAAs involve racial and ethnic discrimination.

IntroductionThis meta-analysis investigated (1) whether ethnic minority and majority members have a neural inter-group bias toward each other, and (2) whether various ethnic groups (i.e., White, Black, and Asian) are processed in the brain differently by the other respective ethnicities.MethodsA systematic coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO (altogether 50 datasets, n = 1211, 50.1% female).ResultsWe found that ethnic minority members did not show any signs of neural inter-group bias (e.g., no majority-group derogation). Ethnic majority members, in turn, expressed biased responses toward minority (vs. majority) members in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions that are known to be involved in e.g., facial processing, attention, and perspective-taking. We also found differences in neural response patterns toward different ethnic groups (White, Black, and Asian); broadest biases in neural response patterns were evident toward Black individuals (in non-Black individuals). Heterogeneity was mostly minor or low.Discussion:Overall, the findings increase understanding of neural processes involved in ethnicity perception and cognition as well as ethnic prejudices and discrimination. This meta-analysis provides explanations for previous behavioral reports on ethnic discrimination toward minority groups.

This paper examines critically J. Angelo Corlett’s view of racism as ‘ethnic prejudice and discrimination’. His view of racism raises but fails to answer the following questions: whether all forms of ethnic prejudice and ethnic discrimination constitute racism; which forms of ethnic prejudice and discrimination constitute racism, and, if any, which forms do not constitute racism? By failing to address these questions sufficiently, Corlett’s analysis fails to distinguish between his paradigm case of white-on-black racism and other forms of ethnic prejudice and discrimination. By doing so, he appears to equate white-on-black racism with other forms of ethnic prejudice and discrimination, and fails to see the unique, egregious, insidious, historical, and institutional nature of white-on-black racism that many other forms of ethnic prejudice and discrimination do not have.

Field experiments have provided ample evidence of ethnic and racial discrimination in the labour market. Less is known about how discrimination varies in multi-ethnic societies, where the ethnic composition of populations is different across locations. Inter-group contact and institutional arrangements for ethnic minorities can mitigate the sense of group threat and reduce discrimination. To provide empirical evidence of this, we conduct a field experiment of ethnic discrimination in Russia with a sample of over 9,000 job applications. We compare ethnically homogeneous cities and cities with ethnically mixed populations and privileged institutional status of ethnic minorities. We find strong discrimination against visible minorities in the former but much weaker discrimination in the latter. These findings demonstrate how institutions and historical contexts of inter-group relations can affect ethnic prejudice and discrimination.

33 Mapping Emergency Department Asthma Visits to Identify Poor Quality Housing

The impact of persistent poor housing conditions on mental health: A longitudinal population-based study

BackgroundA large proportion of the population of England live in substandard housing. Previous research has suggested that poor-quality housing, particularly in terms of cold temperatures, mould, and damp, poses a...

<em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2015; 25(3):237-239

This article, based on qualitative research, focuses on socioeconomic integration trajectories of the refugee population in Spain. In the period between 2014 and 2020, refugees’ arrivals in Spain have continuously increased. Despite protection provided by the Spanish Reception System, refugees emulate the same precarious integration outcomes as refugees in other developed countries, such as unemployment, underemployment, poor and unstable housing, low incomes and economic uncertainty, gender inequalities, etc. We believe that a holistic analysis of integration outcomes, overcoming traditional human-capital theories, must include other social and structural factors -economic and institutional frameworks, gender, and ethnic discrimination- that shape their settlement.

This paper proposes an experimental approach to studying different aspects of discrimination. We let participants play various games with opponents of distinct ethnic affiliation. Strategies based upon such ethnic affiliation provide direct evidence of ethnic discrimination. This approach was utilized to study ethnic discrimination in Israeli Jewish society. Using the “trust game,” we detected a systematic mistrust toward men of Eastern origin. A “dictator game” experiment indicated that this discrimination was due to (mistaken) ethnic stereotypes and not to a “taste for discrimination.” The “ultimatum game” enabled us to trace another ethnic stereotype that reversed the discrimination’s direction. One of the surprising results is that this ethnic discrimination is an entirely male phenomenon.

Hypertension remains one of the most widespread non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally and continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Its development and persistence are influenced not only by genetic and lifestyle factors but also by environmental health determinants such as air and noise pollution, poor housing quality, sanitation challenges, and exposure to psychosocial stressors. This study examined the environmental health risk factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adult patients attending the Civil Service Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed, and a total of 250 adult participants (aged 18 years and above) were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and environmental exposures; clinical blood pressure measurements using a standard sphygmomanometer; and an observation checklist assessing the participants’ housing conditions, water quality, and noise exposure. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and logistic regression) using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Findings revealed that 58.6% of hypertensive participants were aware of their condition, indicating moderate awareness compared to regional studies but still below global recommendations for hypertension control. Analysis further showed that non-modifiable factors such as age, gender, and family history significantly influenced hypertension prevalence (p < 0.05). Additionally, modifiable environmental factors including poor housing ventilation, inadequate sanitation, noise pollution, overcrowding, and exposure to air pollution were statistically associated with increased hypertension risk (p < 0.05). Lifestyle-related variables—such as high dietary salt intake, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption—also contributed notably to elevated blood pressure levels. The study concludes that hypertension among adults in Ilorin is a multifactorial condition strongly shaped by both environmental and behavioral determinants. It underscores the critical need for integrated public health interventions that combine environmental improvement with lifestyle modification strategies. Recommendations include conducting longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships, implementing urban–rural comparative assessments to understand geographic variations, and developing community-based health education programs to increase awareness and promote preventive practices. Strengthening environmental health policies, enhancing urban planning, and enforcing pollution control regulations are essential to mitigating hypertension risks and improving population health outcomes in Ilorin and similar urban settings.