Abstract
Decellularized vascular grafts are useful for the construction of biological small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (≤6 mm). Traditional chemical decellularization requires a long treatment time, which may damage the structure and alter the mechanical properties. Decellularization using sonication is expected to solve this problem. The aim of this study was to develop an effective decellularization method using ultrasound followed by washing. Different power values of sonication at 40 kHz were tested for 2, 4, and 8 h followed by a washing procedure. The efficacy of sonication of decellularized human umbilical artery (sDHUA) was evaluated via DNA content, histological staining, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. The sDHUAs were further implanted into rats for up to 90 days and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed for the implanted grafts. The results demonstrated that treatment of human umbilical artery (HUA) by sonication at ultrasonic power of 204 W for 4 h followed by washing for 24 h in 2% SDS buffer could eliminate more than 90% of cells and retain similar mechanical properties of the HUA. Recellularization was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that sDHUA provided niches for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to reside, indicating in vitro cytocompatibility. Further implantation tests also indicated the fitness of the sonication-treated HUA as a scaffold for small-caliber tissue engineering vascular grafts.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remained as the leading cause of human death globally
HE staining (Figure 1A–F) showed that the different protocols combined with sonication could remove most cellular components, to treated groups are shown in Figures 1 and 2
We found that the sonication of decellularized human umbilical artery (sDHUA) treated with 204 W for 4 h was
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remained as the leading cause of human death globally. These patients suffered from vascular occlusive disease at heart, brain, peripheral limb, etc. The obstruction of vascular blood flow to these vital organs could result in sudden death, stroke, or limb ischemia [1]. Autologous vessels are the preferred bypass materials but about one-third of patients do not have suitable donor vessel [3]. Prosthetic vascular grafts, such as polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), could not provide long-term patency when the diameter is under 6 mm [4,5]
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