Abstract
Small gas bubbles that might normally dissolve and disappear may instead grow if set into pulsations of sufficient amplitude by an applied sound field. The mechanism involved is a fundamental asymmetry related to the spherical geometry of the conditions which favors diffusion of gas into the bubble during its expanded state over diffusion out of the bubble during a contracted state. Values of the threshold acoustic pressure for growth were computed by a theory that accounts for spherical bubble dynamics as well as convection terms in the diffusion equation and shows general agreement with measured counterparts. Rates of bubble growth for above-threshold conditions can be unexpectedly high if nonspherically symmetric acoustic streaming occurs. A closely related phenomenon—the onset of nonspherical bubble vibration—occurs within the same general range of acoustic pressures observed for bubble growth and will also be described.
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