Abstract
In this paper we investigate the combined effects of the cloud of strings and quintessence which surround a Reissner–Nordstrom AdS black hole on its thermodynamics. We treat the cosmological constant as a thermodynamic pressure whose conjugate variable is the volume. It is shown how the cloud of strings affect the thermodynamic variables, as for example, temperature, entropy, internal energy and heat capacity. The critical expressions for temperature, pressure and specific volume are obtained and the critical exponents calculated. Concerning the heat engine, we calculate its efficiency and show how this quantity is influenced by the presence of the cloud of strings and quintessence.
Highlights
The astronomical observations confirming that the universe experiences an accelerated expansion constitutes one of the most important discoveries of the era of the observational cosmology [3]
We analyze the thermodynamics of a Reissner–Nordstrom AdS black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings and quintessence, by calculating different thermodynamic variables, determining their critical values as well as the efficiency of a heat engine
We considered the cosmological constant as the thermodynamic pressure and analyzed the thermodynamics of the Reissner–Nordstrom AdS black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings and quintessence, for the specific case with ωq = −2/3, and obtained analytic expressions for the thermodynamical quantities as well as for their values in the critical points
Summary
The astronomical observations confirming that the universe experiences an accelerated expansion constitutes one of the most important discoveries of the era of the observational cosmology [3]. Investigations concerning this topic have enhanced after the suggestion that the cosmological constant should be treated as the thermodynamic variable [12,13,14,15,16], which is interpreted as the thermodynamic pressure with the thermodynamic volume being the conjugate quantity Taking this fact into account, more attention has been done to the study of black hole thermodynamics of AdS black holes [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28], especially with respect to charged AdS black holes by the reason that there is an analogy between these objects and liquid-gas systems, phase transitions appear [17] and these must be investigated in order to find the whole phase structure, through the determination of the critical points associated with the thermodynamical quantities, but taking into account the quintessence, and the presence of a cloud of strings.
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