Abstract
Soil site assessment for potential surface water and groundwater contamination involves predicting water movement through the soil profile and across the soil surface. Knowledge of the effect of local and regional soil landscapes and geomorphic surfaces on the hydrogeology is needed to determine the likelihood for contaminated waters to reach a stream, pond, lake, or other kind of surface water, or to move through the vadose zone to groundwater aquifers. Lateral movement of water in the soil or vadose zone is an important water-quality consideration in some areas. Site assessment must evaluate characteristics such as the local and regional watershed relationships, stream delivery systems, known areas that are sensitive to groundwater pollution, sediment delivery, local landscape and slope characteristics, lateral and vertical water movement characteristics of the soil and vadose zones, crop management systems, and attenuation properties of the soil such as cation exchange capacity (CEC) and surface area properties. Soil genesis processes provide important clues as to the lateral and vertical movement of water through the soil.
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