Abstract
Abstract In recent years, a number of direct coal liquefaction processes have been developed. All processes use a slurry type reactor. Although for lab-scale reactors of large length-to-diameter ratio the use of highly sophisticated slurry reactor model may be justified, simple considerations can meaningfully elucidate the behavior of industrial reactors. A simple analysis shows that the coal liquefaction is controlled by intrinsic kinetics. Both gas and slurry phases can be assumed to be completely backmixed in large diameter reactors. A simple analysis of the thermal behavior revealed multiplicity for a fairly wide range of operating conditions. In most cases, the intermediate unstable steady state is close to the temperature observed in adiabatic coal liquefaction reactors (with and without quench). Due to the unstable character of the operation, point pathological phenomena like runaway may be possible and a close feedback control of the commercial reactor may be required.
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