Abstract

Somatic nerves include somatic sensory and somatic motor, both of which are part of the peripheral nervous system. When somatic motor nerve or somatosensory nerve produces injury, then it belongs to peripheral nerve injury. Peripheral nerve injuries are common disease and complex process in clinical surgery. The severe physical dysfunctions such as motor/sensory loss, dyskinesia, and nutritional disorders in the area innervated caused by the peripheral nerve injury and even leave a lifelong disability. Therefore, somatic nerve reconstruction is essential and remains a major challenge for surgeons. Therapeutic methods include neurorrhaphy and nerve transfer or redistribution reconstruction; traditional Chinese medicine-assisted nerve regeneration and repair methods have been increasingly improved, even the functional recovery of peripheral nerve has not made breakthrough progress. All kinds of reconstruction and neural rehabilitation technologies have their own advantages, but they all have some limitations. Although great progress has been made in nerve electrophysiology and microsurgery, the results are still unsatisfactory. This chapter reviews the application of peripheral nerve reconstruction technology and briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, which will be useful for the selection of clinical treatment.

Highlights

  • The peripheral nerves are all nerves, except the brain and the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are composed of nerve fibers

  • The longer protrusions of the neurons are surrounded by an insulating sheath of myelin and nerve membranes to form nerve fibers

  • Neurons are classified into motor neurons and sensory neurons according to their function and the direction of nerve conduction

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Summary

Introduction

The peripheral nerves are all nerves, except the brain and the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are composed of nerve fibers. Neurons are classified into motor neurons and sensory neurons according to their function and the direction of nerve conduction. Motor neurons conduct signals from the spinal cord and brain to the effector, and sensory neurons transmit excitability to the central nervous system. The motor and/or sensory nerve fiber bundles form the corresponding motor, sensory, or mixed nerves. This article discussed the common clinical methods of nerve anastomosis and nerve transplantation and analyzes the characteristics of various neurosurgical reconstruction methods and the effects on somatosensory function recovery. This article will list several recognized and effective methods of traditional Chinese medicine neuro rehabilitation, aiming to provide options for somatosensory rehabilitation after peripheral nerve injury

Nerve transplantation
End-to-side (ETS) neurorrhaphy
Side-to-side (STS) neurorrhaphy
Nerve autograft
Nerve allograft
Targeted reinnervation (TR)
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment
Findings
Summary

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