Abstract
Theories of solution hardening in ionic crystals due to aliovalent cations are reviewed. The electrostatic interaction between a dislocation and an impurity cation-cation vacancy complex is calculated and found to be too small to explain the observed solution hardening rates in the alkali halides, MgO, and Al 2O 3. The elastic interaction between a dislocation and the “tetragonal” distortion associated with the various complexes is calculated for screw and edge dislocations using anisotropic elasticity; it is found that in most materials, the edge dislocation interaction dominates, and that the observed solution hardening rates can be explained by reasonable values for the tetragonal distortion. The origin of the tetragonal distortion around the divalent cation-impurity-cation vacancy complex in the alkali halides is discussed and it is considered to arise from the relaxation around the complex and possibly involves off-center displacements of the divalent cation.
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