Abstract
The use of solution activators (dissolved metal salts) to enhance aluminum electrochemical activity in organic media is reported. Aluminum is electrochemically passive in most organic electrolytes and unlike lithium, has not been developed as a battery anode in organic media. We demonstrate significant Al activity in two electrolytes, in γ‐butyrolactone or in acetonitrile. These improve the anodic potential by up to 1 V in comparison to other electrolytes and increase from microampere to milliampere per square centimeter, the sustainable Al oxidation current. Electrolytic metal acetate, chloride, or other salts can further enhance these favorable anodic characteristics. Unlike Sn(II), Sn(IV), or Ga(III), both Hg(II) and In(III) significantly activate Al redox behavior. In , the Al oxidative polarization is 100, 65, 36, or only 28 Ω in electrolytes containing, respectively, 0, 1, 10, 100 mM Hg(II). Hg(II) also shifts negatively the observed by 150 to 250 mV, an enhancement sustained during extended anodic galvanostatic discharge. Similarly, as little as 1 mM In(III) diminishes polarization to 40 Ω Addition of 10 mM In(II) to in acetonitrile, improves by 0.4 to −1.57 V vs. . © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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