Solitärer, albinotischer „Fleck” des retinalen Pigmentepithels: klinische und funktionelle Befunde

Abstract

The presence or absence of functional changes associated with solitary, congenital, hypopigmented lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have been a matter of controversy. This case report describes retinal and functional findings in a young patient with such a lesion. A 10-year-old Hispanic female with a solitary congential hypopigmented spot of the RPE was examined using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, autofluorescence imaging (AF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Functional analyses were performed using the Humphrey 24 - 2 visual field, Goldmann perimetry and the multifocal ERG (mfERG). A small visual field defect was demonstrated on both Goldmann perimetry (I/ 2e test object) and on Humphrey 24 - 2 visual field testing (significant at the 0.5 % level for pattern deviation). The multifocal ERG response amplitudes were decreased in the corresponding area and increased in implicit time. Autofluorescence imaging showed an absence of fluorescence corresponding to the area of the lesion. OCT findings were indicative of a small amount of subretinal fluid or schisis-like changes overlying the RPE anomaly. The results indicate that solitary, albinotic spots of the RPE can be associated with visual field defects and outer retinal deficits; these may be related to impaired RPE function and/or chronic exudative changes.