Soliton Molecules, Multi-Lumps and Hybrid Solutions in Generalized (2 + 1)-Dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa Equation in Fluid Mechanics

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The generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa (gDJKM) equation, which can be used to describe some phenomena in fluid mechanics, is investigated based on the multi-soliton solution. Soliton molecules of the gDJKM equation are given by the velocity resonance mechanism. A soliton molecule containing three solitons is portrayed at different times. The invariance of the relative positions of three solitons confirms that they form a soliton molecule. Multi-order lumps are obtained by applying the long-wave limit method in the multi-soliton. By analyzing the dynamics of one-order and two-order lumps, the energy concentration and localization property for lump waves are displayed. In the meanwhile, a multi-soliton can transform into multi-order breathers by the complex conjugation relations of parameters. The interaction among lumps, breathers and soliton molecules can be constructed by combining the above comprehensive analysis. The interaction between a one-order lump and a soliton molecule is an elastic collision, which can be observed through investigating evolutionary processes. The results obtained in this paper are useful for explaining certain nonlinear phenomena in fluid dynamics.