Abstract
Growth limited to diffusional mass transfer and involved with a new phase in thin films and fine powders has a number of unique features. As a rule, all specifics of low-temperature formation of new phases in such systems are related to the decisive role of diffusion along grain boundaries. The bulk density of these grains in finely crystalline systems formed under conditions of highly disrupted equilibrium is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than in typical large polycrystals. The rapid aging of phases in thin films and the generation and growth of new phases (solid solutions and intermetallides in metallic systems or, for example, silicides in a metal semiconductor system) is usually explained by the presence of a branched network of diffusional paths. However, investigation of thin films and fine powders in the 1980’s revealed that not only phase nonequilibria but also morphological, structural, and substructural nonequilibria play a substantial role in the growth of new phases. As a result, growth occurs on a background of morphological relaxation (for example, recrystallization).
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