Abstract
AbstractSome solid solutions have been strongly utilized over the years as good materials for the synthesis of electrocatalysts and photoctalysts. Sometimes, they are used as supports in order to improve electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties. We show various achievements of solid solutions as good electrocatalysts, and also, good electrocatalysts support materials in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Also, we demonstrate various works utilizing solid solutions as good photocatalysts, and good photocatalysts support materials in overall water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. In all these reports, solid solutions proved to posses the necessary properties needed of any material as electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. In many cases, their use as catalysts supports recorded great improvements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was largely used to confirm the chemical environment of the results obtained, together with X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammograms (CVA), chronoamperometry and rotating disk electrode (RDE), were also carried out. Linear sweep voltametry (LSV) curve was carried out in some cases to measure the current at a working electrode, and tables were shown for clear explanation. In addition, a photoluminescence spectrum (PL) was used to probe the electronic structure of the various solid solutions.
Highlights
Solid Solution is a crystal containing a second constituent which fits into and is distributed in the lattice of the host crystal
Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are used in various applications such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), overall water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction and so on
Lu, et al worked on MoxW1− xS2 solid solutions as 3D electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction by investigating the electrocatalytic performance of Mo x W 1−x S2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) systems grown from 3D, free standing, interconnected glassy carbon foam to form a platform with different ratios of Mo and W in the Mo x W 1-x S2 solid solution [20]
Summary
Solid Solution is a crystal containing a second constituent which fits into and is distributed in the lattice of the host crystal. Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are used in various applications such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), overall water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction and so on In all these reactions, a lot of interest has been drawn to the use of solid solutions as supports or catalysts that show outstanding electrocatalytic and photocatalytic performance. No review has been carried out which comprehensively highlights various works carried out by chemists on the use of solid solutions as electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction, and photocatalysts for overall water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction with improved performance or as catalyst supports in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Various electrochemical methods and characterizations which revealed more information and confirmed the outstanding performances of the various synthesized electrocatalysts and photocatalysts were demonstrated
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