Solanum leaves extracts exhibit antioxidant properties and inhibit monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activities (in vitro) in Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract

Background This study sought to determine the in vitro antioxidant, anti-monoamine oxidase and anticholinesterase properties of extracts (aqueous and alkaloid) of two tropical vegetables from Solanum spp- African eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L) as indices of their neuroprotective properties. Methods Both aqueous and alkaloid extracts of African eggplant (AE) and black nightshade (BN) were prepared by solvent extraction according to standard methods. Thereafter, the inhibitory effects of the extracts on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, as well as their free radical-scavenging and reducing abilities were assessed. Also, phytochemical analysis for phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids were carried out. Results The results showed that the extracts inhibited MAO and AChE activities dose dependently, with aqueous extracts showing significantly higher MAO inhibition that the alkaloid extracts from both samples, but in all, BN showed higher MAO inhibitory effect compared to AE; the reverse was however, observed for AChE inhibition. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts showed significantly higher antioxidant properties than the alkaloid extracts, while BN had higher antioxidant properties compared to AN. The phytochemical analysis also showed that BN had significantly higher amount of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids than AE. Conclusions The anti-monoamine oxidase, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties exhibited by extracts from both samples could contribute to their neuroprotective abilities. Thus, these vegetables can be potential sources of functional foods and nutraceuticals in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the tropics.