Abstract
Vitamin D-deficient rats given an aqueous extract of the South American plant Solanum glaucophyllum accumulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in their blood and intestines at the time they show enhanced intestinal calcium absorption. The identity of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was established by co-chromatography with 1,25-dihydroxy[23,24-3H]vitamin D3 on Sephadex LH-20 columns, microparticulate silica gel columns, a reversed-phase column developed under high pressure, and by a specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding assay. The chromatographic systems used are fully capable of resolving all of the known metabolites of vitamin D3. Serum of the S. glaucophyllum-treated rats showed 300 pg/ml of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and no detectable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Similarly, intestine of such rats had 230 pg/g of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Control animals which received the vehicle instead of S. glaucophyllum had only 20 pg/ml of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in their serum and 4.4 pg/g of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in their intestine. These results demonstrate that S. glaucophyllum extracts must be a source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; thus a significant basis for the calcinogenic properties of S. glaucophyllum must be the presence of a conjugated form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which is rendered available by digestion.
Highlights
I$ of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, in their intestine. These results demonstrate that S. glaucophyllum extracts must be a source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D:J; a significant basis for the calcinogenic properties of S. glaucophyllum must be the presence of a conjugated form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
The 1,25-(OH),D, activity by receptor assay present in the intestinal material after dosage with S. glaucophyllum extract migrated on this column with authentic 1,25
Similarities between the mechanisms of 1,25-(OH)2D1 and Solarium ~laucophyllum-induced hypercalcemia have led to the suspicion that S. glaucophyllum is a source of either 1,25
Summary
(Received for publication, July 19, 1976, and in revised form, December 28, 1976). HEINRICH K. The activity inherent in S. glaucophyllum is water-soluble and chromatographs on gel filtration systems in the molecular weight range of 1000 to 3000 (7) These facts seem to preclude the possibility that vitamin Dper se, or one of its metabolites, is responsible for the calcinogenic properties of. The available evidence suggests the presence of la-hydroxylated vitamin p equivalents in the plant itself It is, possible that the S. glaucophyllum factor is 1,25-(OH),D,, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin DI, or some other la-hydroxylated plant sterol, conjugated with sugar moieties or other highly polar groups which serve to increase molecular weight and render water solubility. The availability of powerful chromatographic methods capable of separating all metabolites of vitamin D (20, 21) and of a sensitive receptor binding protein assay for 1,25-(OH),D (22, 23) has made it possible to examine blood and tissues from vitamin D-deficient rats given.
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