Abstract
Many treatment methods are available for wastewater treatment, but they are unable to remove completely the dyes and pigments from the wastewater. Some of the wastewater treatment methods depend on the formation of secondary pollutants and these methods are not suitable and applicable methods for preserving the environment. Photocatalytic is a superb and economical process to solve this problem. In this paper, a review of photocatalytic activity will be discussed. Photocatalytic is the process occurring when a light source incident on the surface of materials especially in semiconductors, known as photocatalysts. The paper began with a discussion on the sol-gel technique that shows it is an effective method to obtain straightforward processing, low cost and eco-friendly. Factors such as temperature and type of dopants gave an effect on the photocatalytic process. The temperature could help change the physical and chemical properties of the material. Besides, by using the sol-gel method, high purity and small particle size can be produced by controlling the calcination temperature titanium dioxide (TiO2) has widely used in the photocatalytic process where nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) act as dopants. Magnesium is one of the abundant alkaline earth metals and is less hazardous to be used in the water treatment process which will cause a more environmentally friendly process. In addition, the band gap of TiO2 can be narrowed by introducing metal and non-metal ions into TiO2. Dopants increase the generation of free electron-hole pairs and the conductivity rate of materials. Besides that, the heterogeneous catalytic process's kinetics can be studied using the Theory of Langmuir-Hinshelwood. This theory explains the mechanism of reactions on the surfaces when more than oneadsorptioninvolves. Reactions between solid and gas at the interface were related to the catalysis process. Further, the application of doped TiO2 has also been discussed to emphasize the importance of photocatalytic for all fields.
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