Abstract
The short production cycle, high biomass production, and adaptability to various edofoclimatic conditions have led the eucalyptus to a prominent position in the world forestry sector. However, little is known about fungal community structure in these crops. This work aimed to evaluate the structure of soil fungal communities in eucalyptus forests as a function of rhizosphere effect and crop cycles of this crop. We used the independent PCR-DGGE method to evaluate the structure of the soil fungal community in Eucalyptus urograndis plantations located in the Vale do Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric portions of the soil were sampled in an area of recent forest establishment and in an area under multiple cycles. The principal component analysis revealed that the rhizosphere microenvironment is the dominant component in structuring the fungal communities in the areas studied, and this effect is more pronounced in the area of recent establishment of eucalyptus culture. The same pattern was found for the richness and diversity values, with the greatest differences found in the recently established area. In both studied areas the dominance of the order Agaricales prevailed, evidencing the role of the fungal community in the cycling of nutrients in the soil.
Highlights
Eucalyptus is the most planted industrial wood species in the tropics, covering 20 million hectares, and is exploited mainly for the excellent properties of its pulp and for its short production cycle and adaptability to various soil and climate conditions (FAO, 2020).In forest crops, trees contribute large amounts of carbon to the soil in the form of residues and root exudates, and root exudation is one of the main determinants of microbial activity in the rhizosphere (Andresen et al, 2020).The rhizospheric environment provides the microbiota of this habitat with two faces, the first facing the root, full of readily available carbon compounds, and the other facing the soil, an often oligotrophic environment where survival requires great metabolic plasticity (Omotayo & Babalola, 2020)
We used the independent PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) method to evaluate the structure of the soil fungal community in Eucalyptus urograndis plantations located in the Vale do Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais, Brazil
The principal component analysis revealed that the rhizosphere microenvironment is the dominant component in structuring the fungal communities in the areas studied, and this effect is more pronounced in the area of recent establishment of eucalyptus culture
Summary
Eucalyptus is the most planted industrial wood species in the tropics, covering 20 million hectares, and is exploited mainly for the excellent properties of its pulp and for its short production cycle and adaptability to various soil and climate conditions (FAO, 2020).In forest crops, trees contribute large amounts of carbon to the soil in the form of residues and root exudates, and root exudation is one of the main determinants of microbial activity in the rhizosphere (Andresen et al, 2020).The rhizospheric environment provides the microbiota of this habitat with two faces, the first facing the root, full of readily available carbon compounds, and the other facing the soil, an often oligotrophic environment where survival requires great metabolic plasticity (Omotayo & Babalola, 2020). It is known that the formation of specific communities associated with the rhizosphere of plant species is determined by complex gene interactions (Gong et al, 2019) and that the molecular approach has contributed to the better understanding of these interactions (Braga et al, 2016). Fingerprinting techniques such as Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) are able to provide short-term and cost-effective data on the genetic diversity of a specific environment as well as provide comparisons between different environments (Green et al, 2015)
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