Soil formation under different methods of cultivation and mineral fertilization of chernozem in agrocenosis

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To determine the influence of soil protection tillage and different doses of fertilizer on the formation of the structure of the total phytomass of crops in crop rotations of different types and to assess the level of activity of root systems as a sign of the manifestation of cultural soil formation in the agrocenoses of the Central Forest-Steppe through humus accumulation in the thicknesses of chernozems. Methods. The methods of comparison, correlation and generalisation were used in the work, and the main method was a system analysis based on the description of the system, its individual structural components, their interaction with each other and external factors. Results. Strengthening of hydrothermal conditions of moistened chernozems provides high rates of reproduction of the humus profile of chernozem, and the systematic use of moldboardless tillage is a powerful factor in controlling the process of humus accumulation, which is diagnosed by darkening (increasing coarseness) of the transitional horizons of the soil stratum of chernozems typical of humus leakage. Under the influence of moldboardless tillage, the vector of soil formation is directed towards the formation of more moist chernozems (increased humus content), and the detected effect of increased humus formation should be considered a determinant criterion of the adaptation of the tillage system and, in general, the farming system to the conditions of increasing climate aridity in the agrocenoses of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The general pattern of formation of the ratio of marketable products to by-products, both above-ground mass and total by–products, regardless of the type of organic fertiliser, depends on the level of fertilisation, especially nitrogen fertilisation, and the method of cultivation, and lies in the fact that ploughing increases the amount of by-products in the structure of total biomass, while the share of marketable mass decreases. Conclusions. Soil formation in agrocenoses should be perceived as an increase in the cumulative effect of the biological factor of soil formation in the conditions of agricultural use of chernozem by improving hydrothermal soil conditions in seasonal and annual cycles under the influence of the systematic application of soil protection technologies based on no–till tillage, which ensures the process of managing the functional, ecological and facies regularities of organic matter deposition in the humus of chernozem in the agrocenoses of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.