Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of organomineral and mineral fertilizers, in their solid and fluid forms, on soils with variable charges with high fertility built up from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil and plant, as well as on corn (Zea mays) and black oat (Avena strigosa) yield. The treatments consisted of one control and four fertilizers - two organomineral and two mineral - in solid (SO, solid organomineral; and SM, solid mineral) and fluid (FO, fluid organomineral; and FM, fluid mineral) forms applied in Rhodic Kandiudox and Distrochrept soils with no-tillage. The use of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in fluid and solid forms increases total N content in the soil, maintains exchangeable K content in both soils, and may enhance available P content to the depth of 0.6 m in Distrochrept. These factors allowed significantly increasing corn yield, regardless of the fertilizer, and establishing greater residual effect for fluid organomineral fertilizer in the winter black oat yield, even in soils with high fertility.
Highlights
The development of new products for soil correction and fertilization constitutes a kind of strategic innovation for Brazil, since 75% of the fertilizers consumed in the country are imported (ANDA, 2016)
Phosphate-rich organomineral fertilizers are generally shown to be more efficient than mineral fertilization, since the presence of organic compounds can reduce the phosphorus binding to colloids in the soil (Gatiboni et al, 2008; Santos et al, 2008)
The solid mineral fertilizer (SM) was composed of urea (45% N), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (48% P2O5 and 9% N) and potassium chloride (KCl) (60% K2O); the solid organomineral (SO) was formulated on a poultry litter basis supplemented with urea, natural phosphorus from municipality of Registro, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (24% P2O5 total, 0.8% P2O5 in water, 3.2% P2O5 in neutral ammonium citrate plus water and 7.7% P2O5 in citric acid) and KCl; the fluid mineral (FM) was composed of water, urea, MAP and KCl; and the fluid organomineral (FO) was formulated on a swine waste basis with added urea, MAP and KCl
Summary
The development of new products for soil correction and fertilization constitutes a kind of strategic innovation for Brazil, since 75% of the fertilizers consumed in the country are imported (ANDA, 2016).Of the widely-available raw materials for the production of solid or fluid organomineral fertilizers, residues from swine and poultry production chains can be used to compose formulations adapted to the nutritional demands of crops in different kinds of soils (Antille et al, 2014; Morais & Gatiboni, 2015), as well as enabling reutilization of these residues in sites at greater distances from high production locations.The efficiency of the organomineral fertilizers is associated to the nutrient dynamics in the different soil classes. Phosphate-rich organomineral fertilizers are generally shown to be more efficient than mineral fertilization, since the presence of organic compounds can reduce the phosphorus binding to colloids in the soil (Gatiboni et al, 2008; Santos et al, 2008). Studies into organomineral fertilizers in solid form have shown their greater benefits to the chemical properties of the soil, and even increased crop yield, compared to mineral-derived fertilizers (Babalola et al, 2007; Correa et al, 2016). For organomineral fertilizers in fluid form, research has been scarce
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