Soil carbon and nitrogen storage in alluvial wet meadows of the Southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA

Abstract

Purpose Wet meadows formed on alluvial deposits potentially store large amounts of soil carbon (C) but its stability is subject to the impacts of management practices. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in mountain wet meadows across ranges of meadow hydrology and livestock utilization. Materials and methods Eighteen wetlands in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains representing a range of wetness andlivestockutilizationlevelswereselectedfor soilsampling. In each wetland meadow, whole-solum soil cores delineated by horizon were analyzed for total and dissolved organic C (DOC) total (TN) and mineral nitrogen and soil water content (SWC). Multiple regression and GIS analysis was used to estimatethe roleofwet meadowsinC storageacrossthestudy area landscape. Results and discussion Average solum SOC contents by wetland ranged from 130 to 805 Mg ha �1 .A ll SOC and TN components were highly correlated with SWC. Regression analyses indicated subtle impacts of forage utilization level on SOC and TN concentrations, but not on whole-solum, mass-per-area stocks of SOC and TN. Proportions of DOC and TN under seasonally wet meadows increased with increasing utilization. GIS analysis indicated that the montane landscape contains about 54.3 Mg SOC ha �1 , with wet meadows covering about 1.7% of the area and containing about 12.3% of the SOC. Conclusions Results indicate that soil organic C and N content of meadows we sampled are resilient to current light to moderate levels of grazing. In seasonally wet meadows, higher proportions of DOC and N with increasing utilization indicate vulnerability to loss. Partial drying of the wettest and seasonally wet meadows could result in losses of over five % of landscape SOC.