Soft tissue changes following maxillary osteotomies in cleft lip and palate and non-cleft patients

Abstract

A retrospective study of 25 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 25 patients with hypoplastic maxillae without a cleft was carried out to evaluate the effects of maxillary osteotomies at the Le Fort I level on the lip and nose profile. The pre-surgical cephalometric tracing was superimposed twice on the post-surgical cephalogram, on the cranial structures and the anterior maxillary structures, for landmark movement measurement. Results showed statistically significant correlations between soft and hard tissue movement in the cleft group. On average, the ratios of horizontal nasal tip, nasal base and lip movement to underlying hard tissue movement were approximately one fourth, one half and two thirds respectively. The ratio of vertical lip to incisor movement was about one half. The correlations were less significant in the non-cleft group, only the upper lip movement showed statistically significant correlation with hard tissue movement, with a ratio of one half horizontally and one third vertically. It was concluded that in maxillary osteotomy, the cleft group showed a higher soft tissue to hard tissue movement ratio. The correlation between soft and hard tissue movements were more statistically significant in the cleft group than in the non-cleft group. However, though statistically significant, the level of correlation was not strong on an individual basis except in the horizontal lip response of the cleft group. Individual variation was wide and clinical judgement needs to be considered accordingly.