Abstract
The “socioecological model” is a conceptual approach used to explain the diversity of social organizations among primates by identifying the ecological and social conditions responsible for such diversity. Historically, ecological conditions have focused on predation pressure and food abundance/distribution, and social conditions, particularly male participation in grouping behavior. More recently, the trend has been toward increasingly detailed predictions of female social behavior within certain types of social organizations. This has produced largely unsatisfactory results, and some have suggested that socioecology and its conceptual models be abandoned and replaced by approaches that involve phylogenetic, or internal, constraints. However, another more recent socioecological model that is reminiscent of traditional socioecological models in considering only broad levels of diversity in social organization remains untested. It differs from other models by including both ecological conditions and evolved energetic constraints, the latter likely having a phylogenetic footprint.
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