Sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary determinants associated with the metabolically healthy profile in a cohort of pre-obese and obese Cameroonians: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between psychosocial, sociodemographic and material determinants of positive mental health in Europe.DesignCross-sectional analysis of survey data.Setting34 European countries.ParticipantsRepresentative Europe-wide sample consisting of 21 066 men and...

Anaemia is one leading cause of morbidity among adolescent girls. Prevention, early detection, and treatment can break the intergeneration cycle of malnutrition. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and assess its sociodemographic determinants and understand its association with the dietary pattern of rural adolescent girls. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescent girls studying in the school of Kalgatigi Taluk, Dharwad district. The school girls were interviewed using a predesigned structured questionnaire by interview method. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary pattern. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using Sahli's method. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 19 and the Chi-square test was applied to study the significance. Rural adolescent school girls between the age group of 13-16 years were included. The prevalence of anaemia among them was found to be 47.4% and was significantly associated with the educational status of the mother, their socioeconomic status (SES), and type of diet. Vegetarian girls had a higher prevalence of anaemia. The frequency of meat and egg consumption was significantly associated with anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in thin and severely thin girls based on WHO-BMI. Anaemia in rural adolescent girls is of high burden and public health importance with a prevalence of 47.4% and significant association with dietary habits, SES, and BMI.

ObjectiveGingivitis and poor oral hygiene status are the most prevalent oral diseases among primary school students. Poor oral hygiene status, gingivitis and socio-demographic determinants have been shown to be associated with periodontal diseases. There is limited information on the gingivitis and oral hygiene status among Iranian children. In the present study, the status of gingivitis, oral hygiene status, and their association with socio-demographic determinants among schoolchildren aged 7–12 years old in Hamadan were investigated.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 988 primary school students aged 7–12 years old were selected. The oral hygiene status was measured through Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to evaluate gingival bleeding and calculus. CPI was measured using a standardized protocol to investigate gum bleeding and calculus. The oral hygiene was classified as good, fair or poor based on calculus and debris measurements. Age, gender, educational level, occupation and residence district of parents, dental pain experience in the last year and whether parents supervised their children while brushing were assessed by the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe oral hygiene status was good in 644 students (65.20%), fair in 341 (34.50%) and poor in three (0.30%). Moreover, the results of CPI depicted that 639 students (64.07%) had healthy periodontium, 320 (32.40%) had periodontal bleeding and 29 (2.9%) were with calculus.Higher percentage of the boys in the age group of 12 years old had periodontal bleeding and fewer good oral hygiene. The results of CPI and OHI-S scores depicted that more than half of the primary school students had healthy gums and periodontium (64.1%) and good oral hygiene status (65.2%).There were significant statistical associations between age and residence district with calculus measured by the CPI, also between gender, age, residence district, and mother's occupation with the gingival bleeding measured by the CPI. Furthermore, age and mother's occupation were significantly associated with OHI-S index.ConclusionsIn general, the periodontal health status is poorer in students attending suburban schools compared to those in urban schools in Hamadan. Since there are significant associations between gender, school districts and mother’s occupation with oral hygiene index among schoolchildren in primary schools, considering them in schools’ oral health program design might be useful.

Breakfast skipping is linked with obesity incidence. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of breakfast skipping among a multi-ethnic population of young men residing in Saudi Arabia and its relationship with sociodemographic determinants and weight status. A total of 3600 young men aged 20 to 35 years and living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were involved in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic determinants and breakfast-consumption frequency were collected from subjects by personal interviews. This study defines breakfast skipping as skipping breakfast at least one day per week. Weight and height were measured following standardized methods. The prevalence of breakfast skipping was observed among 52.8% of the study subjects. Nationality was a predictor of breakfast skipping, with the lowest and highest rates of breakfast skipping reported among young men from Bangladesh (14.0%) and Saudi Arabia (86.5%), respectively. Weight status was another predictor of breakfast skipping, as the mean body mass index for breakfast skippers (25.4 kg/m2) was significantly (p-value < 0.001) higher than that for breakfast consumers (24.8 kg/m2). Overweight/obese subjects have a significantly higher rate of breakfast skipping (56.9%) than underweight/normal weight subjects (48.9%). In conclusion, breakfast skipping prevalence is relatively high among young men residing in Saudi Arabia. The findings confirm a relationship between breakfast skipping and sociodemographic determinants and weight status.

Background: Suicide is a significant public health issue, contributing to the global burden of the disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one person dies by suicide every 40 seconds, with over 800,000 deaths annually. In India, suicide rates have reached an all-time high, with more than 100,000 deaths reported in 2021. Despite the increasing awareness and destigmatization efforts, suicidal ideation and attempts remain underreported, posing a significant challenge to the healthcare system. Objectives: This study aims to assess the sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical factors influencing suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals presenting to a tertiary care centre. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals presenting with suicidal ideation or attempts. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, psychosocial stressors, and personality traits were collected and analyzed. Standardized suicide risk assessment tools were used to classify the severity of ideation and the likelihood of transition to suicidal behavior. Results: Preliminary findings indicate a rising trend in suicide attempts, particularly among younger individuals, females, and those with psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, substance use disorders, and impulse control disorders. Sociodemographic determinants, stressful life events, and personality traits play a crucial role in suicide risk. Findings suggest that a significant proportion of individuals experiencing suicidal ideation transition to attempts within the first year of onset. Conclusion: Understanding the psychosocial and clinical determinants of suicidality is essential for targeted interventions and suicide prevention strategies. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive mental health screening, early intervention, and policy-driven approaches to suicide prevention in India. 1. 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Background: Caregivers knowledge regarding thalassemia is one of the vital areas in the prevention of the disease. Studies related to caregivers knowledge and its sociodemographic predictors are very few in number which is helpful in designing interventions across different study settings. Objectives: the study aimed to find out the knowledge level of caregivers of thalassemic children and its sociodemographic determinants. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a thalassemia day care unit of Eastern India. The study included 328 caregivers of thalassemic children attending thalassemia day care unit during May 2015–April 2016. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 16). Results: Out of 328 caregivers only 47.6% knew about genetic etiology of the disease, while only 52.4% and 50.9% knew about premarital counseling and antenatal screening, respectively. Regarding treatment of the disease, 75.9% knew that both blood transfusion and iron chelation are the treatment of thalassemia, while only 19.2% and 2.7% of them had knowledge regarding splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation, respectively. Only 52.7% had satisfactory knowledge regarding the disease. In multivariable model, caregivers educational level (adjusted odds ratio, AOR-3.13 [1.87–5.25]), working status (AOR-2.18 [1.23–3.86]), place of residence (AOR-2.05 [1.19–3.52]), and socioeconomic class (AOR-2.11 [1.25–3.58]) were significant predictors of their knowledge. Conclusion: Caregivers' knowledge regarding thalassemia was not at all satisfactory. Regular counseling of caregivers should be done addressing the knowledge lacunae's among them.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the livelihood of the global community including Mizoram which is located in the north-east region of India. Universal preventive measures have been implemented to reduce the spread of the virus. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is the epidemiological and clinical characterization of patients infected with SARS-COV-2. The aim of the study was to examine the sociodemographic determinants and risk factors of the disease severity with COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A multicenter and cross-sectional study on patients who have been diagnosed and confirmed of SARS CoV2 infection of the Mizo Community. The data were collected by professionals from April 2020 to May 2022. Sociodemographic determinants, clinical presentation, comorbidities, livelihood, alcohol, and tobacco consumptions were described. All data were analyze using SPSS 22 version. The association of the variables with ct value (≤25 and &gt;25) of COVID-19 was examined using Chi-square and logistic regression model and P&lt;0.05 as statistically significant. Results: A total number of 19,25,885 samples were tested among which 2,27,849 cases were diagnosed with COVID-19 from March 24, 2020, to May 12, 2022, in Mizoram. The mean±SD age of the analytic population was 30.10±19.64 years. Female was more infected and patients between the age of 16–30 years represent the most frequent age group in the population study. About 55.2% were symptomatic patients with mortality rate at 0.30% as of May 12, 2022. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, a wide range of sociodemographic risk factors, including socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic minority status, household composition, and environmental factors, was significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. To address inequities in the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, these social vulnerabilities and their root causes must be addressed.

BackgroundCompulsive buying has become a serious problem affecting a growing number of people in contemporary consumer societies. Nevertheless, research examining its prevalence in representative samples from the general population is still scarce and mainly focused on the exploration of sociodemographic factors, neglecting other aspects like psychological distress and coping styles. Therefore, this study intends to contribute to the cumulative knowledge by assessing compulsive buying prevalence in a representative sample from the general population in the region of Galicia, in Spain. Sociodemographic determinants, psychological symptoms, and coping strategies are also analyzed to clarify their role in this phenomenon.MethodsA random routes procedure was employed in the recruitment of the sample which was comprised of 2159 participants who were classified as either compulsive buyers or non-compulsive buyers. Both groups were compared regarding sociodemographic determinants, symptoms, and coping strategies through chi-square tests or analyses of variance. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine which of these determinants might play a part in the make up of a risk profile for compulsive buying.ResultsEstimated prevalence of compulsive buying was 7.1%. Compulsive buyers and non-compulsive buyers differed significantly in sex and age, with women and younger people showing a higher propensity for this phenomenon. Individuals with compulsive buying presented significantly higher scores on all the psychological symptoms considered. They also employed passive-avoidance coping strategies much more frequently and active strategies of problem solving and cognitive restructuring much less frequently. The logistic regression analysis results confirmed that being female, experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and obsession-compulsion, and employing the passive-avoidance coping strategies of problem avoidance, wishful thinking, and self-criticism, all constituted risk factors for compulsive buying, whilst the increased age and the use of the active coping strategies of problem solving and cognitive restructuring were protection factors.ConclusionsOur findings revealed a substantial prevalence of compulsive buying. Additionally, the relevance of sociodemographic determinants, psychological distress, and coping strategies in this problem was confirmed. The establishment of a risk profile for compulsive buying based on these different sets of determinants would likely contribute to the development of more effective intervention programs.

Aim: To determine the frequency of Bacterial vaginosis by pap smear cytology and find its association with its sociodemographic determinants. Study design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty pap smears of married women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge who attended Gynecology OPD were included. Proper history regarding age, socioeconomic status, age of marriage, literacy level, smoking, and nutritional status was taken. Results: Disease prevalence was found to be 19.2%(50)in this sample of 260 while 9.1% had Candidiasis, 47%, 17.2% ,3.7%, 4.1% had Mild nonspecific inflammation, Moderate nonspecific inflammation, Moderate to severe nonspecific inflammation, and negative smears respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with age, monthly income, illiteracy, early age at marriage, history of abortion and nutritional status with significant p-value ≤ 0.05. However no association was found between the disease and marital status, smoking and pallor. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, literacy, age &gt;35, nutritional status is strongly related to occurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge. Key Words: Bacterial vaginosis, Pap smear, Sociodemographic determinants

Background: Mental health of children is not adequately explored in India, especially in Haryana. If untreated, these conditions severely influence children's development and their potential to live fulfilling and productive lives. In this study, we aimed to screen school -going adolescent girls for common mental disorders and find potential psycho social and socio demographic determinants. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done January to March 2019 and included 649 school-going adolescent girls (12–19 years). This study used a pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Multiple logistic regression had been done to find the strength of association between dependent variable and independent variables. All tests were performed at a 5% level of significance. Results: The overall mean age (±standard deviation) of study participants was 15.5 ± 1.09 years with nearly equal distribution in each standard. Two hundred and eighty-three participants (43.6%) had a score of 3 or more for GHQ-12, which is suggestive of mental health problems. The GHQ-12 score was higher in young age adolescents (53.3%), those studying in the ninth standard (65.4%), the adolescents belonging to nuclear family, higher socioeconomic status, and having previous exposure to mental health programs. Conclusion: Mental health problems are highly prevalent among the adolescent population in India. In the scope of preventive health services, health workers shall provide information to the adolescents and their parents about these specific psychiatric changes and provide psychological help for children and adolescents by the guiding the teachers working at the schools. In addition this will help to establish a positive and supportive relationship between the teachers and students.

Cross-Sectional Survey of Sexual Dysfunction and Quality of Life among Older People in Indonesia

Introduction: Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life, and there is a lot of evidence in the literature that psychiatric disorders can be transmitted through adolescence social interactions in high school. The present study aimed to assess mental health and its sociodemographic determinants among high school students in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 600 female high school students from Qazvin were selected using cluster sampling. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire was administrated to collect data. t-tests, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: Mental disorders were found in 60% of the students with 3.3% suffered from severe disorders. The participants' mean score of mental health was 29.31 ± 14.63. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression were presented in 36%, 49.7%, 50%, and 41.3% of the students, respectively. Students' mental health was significantly related with their father's education and household income. However, students' season of birth, school grade, body mass index, grade point average, mother's education, and father's occupation were not significantly related with their mental health. Conclusion: Poor mental health was found to be highly frequent among female students. Low income and father's low education level were identified as the risk factors of poor mental health among female students in Qazvin.

Objective The aim of this study was to find the level of anxiety and depression and its clinical and sociodemographic determinants among the parents of children with cancer on chemotherapy.Materials and Methods Hamilton-A (HAM-A) and Hamilton-D (HAM-D) scales were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively, in this cross-sectional study. The assessed parents were administered the questionnaire along with collection of sociodemographic and clinical data through a structured data collection proforma between August 2018 and November 2018.Statistical Analysis The sociodemographic factors and the clinical characteristics were analyzed and have been expressed descriptively and associations between the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics of the children, and the calculated scores obtained from HAM-A and HAM-D scales were analyzed using chi-squared test. Ap-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Out of 101 parents, 86 (85.14%) were found to have a mild, moderate, or severe depression score. Parents of children with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy had higher frequency of severe and very severe depression. Majority of the parents (56.4%) assessed with HAM-A scale had mild level of anxiety that was significantly affected by the level of education.Conclusion This study confirmed a very high frequency of depression and anxiety in the parents of children affected with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Type of cancer (solid or hematological) was found to be a predictor of depression, while education level was found to be a predictor of anxiety in the parents.

Objectives: Attachment to the fetus is formed before the birth and stronger prenatal maternal-fetal attachment is related to more desirable prenatal and postpartum behaviors and cares as well as better acceptance of the parenting role. Therefore, this study aimed to determine maternal-fetal attachment and its socio-demographic determinants among women with an unplanned pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 200 women with unplanned pregnancies attending the maternity clinic of Alavi hospital (Ardebil, Iran) during 2016-2017. To collect the data, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS) were completed through the interviews. Data were analyzed using independent t tests, one-way ANOVA, and the general linear model. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of maternal-fetal attachment score in women with an unplanned pregnancy was 79.2 (11.2) ranging from 23 to 115. The mean attachment score was significantly higher in women with a mistimed pregnancy [83.5 (9.0)] than in those with an unwanted pregnancy [72.9 (11.0)]. The highest and lowest mean scores were observed in the "interaction with the fetus" [14.2 (3.3)] and the "role-taking" [9.2 (3.0)] sub-domains, respectively. Based on the general linear model, only the type of unplanned pregnancy (mistimed or unwanted) indicated a significant relationship with maternal-fetal attachment (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, the type of unplanned pregnancy had a significant association with maternal-fetal attachment. Moreover, mothers with unwanted pregnancies needed greater counseling and support compared to those with mistimed pregnancies.

HIV stigma and discrimination are drivers of adverse HIV outcomes because they deter individuals from engaging in the HIV care continuum. We estimate the prevalence of public stigma towards people with HIV, investigate individuals' sociodemographic determinants for reporting stigmatizing attitudes, and test the impact of HIV stigma on HIV testing uptake. This was an observational study based on an analysis of cross-sectional surveys from 64 low- and middle-income countries. We used nationally representative survey data for the population aged 15-49 years from 2015 to 2021, which was the latest available data. HIV public stigma was measured using an index of two questions about attitudes towards people with HIV. First, prevalence estimates of HIV stigma were calculated by country, across countries, and by sociodemographic characteristics. Second, country fixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models were fit to assess sociodemographic determinants of holding stigmatizing attitudes towards people with HIV. Additional logistic regression models assessed country-level income and HIV prevalence as determinants of stigma and assessed the role of HIV public stigma as a driver of testing uptake. A total of 1 172 841 participants were included in the study. HIV stigma was prevalent in all countries, ranging from 12.87% in Rwanda to 90.58% in Samoa. There was an inverse dose-response association between HIV stigma and educational level, wealth quintile, and age group, whereby higher levels of each were associated with lower odds of holding stigmatized attitudes towards people with HIV. The odds of stigmatized attitudes were lower among men and individuals with adequate knowledge of HIV. HIV stigma was lower in countries with greater gross domestic product per capita and HIV prevalence. Holding stigmatized attitudes towards people with HIV was associated with lower testing uptake, including having ever tested or having tested in the last year. HIV stigma is present to a highly varying degree in all countries studied, so different approaches to reducing stigma towards people with HIV are required across settings. Action to eliminate HIV stigma is crucial if we are to progress towards ending HIV because holding stigmatized attitudes towards people with HIV was associated with reduced testing.