Socio-economic impacts of waste management policy in Slovakia: Comparative analysis among municipalities

In recent years, Benin metropolis has been faced with solid waste management problems. Solid wastes generated from household and commercial activities are dump indiscriminately in the metropolis. The Edo state government has made effort in policy formulation and funding in line with the national policy on the environment to resolve the solid waste problems in the metropolis but the effort has not yielded good result. Hence, we propagated that there are some salient policy problems bedeviling the waste management sector that when addressed have the capacity to resolve the waste management problems and improve on the well-being of the residents. This study was therefore aimed at analysing the existing constitutional and policy framework with a view to identifying the constraints to formulation and implementation of coherent waste management policies and recommend feasible solutions. Primary information on waste management policies were obtained from the waste management agencies and residents in the metropolis through the use of questionnaires and oral interview. Results obtained showed that there are no inadequate human and material resources for formulation and implementation of waste management policies. Considering the findings, there is urgent need for the formulation and implementation effective and efficient solid waste management policies in the metropolis. Keywords : Constraints, Solid Waste Management, Policy Frame Work, Implementation and Benin Metropolis

With the increasing level of waste generation in Denpasar city reaching above 1000 tons per day in the midst of rapid population growth and a surge in tourism activities, residents’ adherence to waste management procedures constitutes a vital component in the government policy strategy towards tackling waste management challenges related to health , hygiene and environmental sustainability. This study aims to ascertain and analyze, implementation of Denpasar City waste management policy, to ascertain and analyze the social behavior of Denpasar city residents in the implementation of waste management policy, and to find out and analyze factors influencing the implementation of Denpasar city waste management policy. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with research informants selected through purposive sampling technique, observation, and review of documents. Triangulation method was used for data validation while Miles-Huberman's interactive data analysis model was used analysis. Conclusion drawn from this research is that residents' parochial and non-compliance behavior to waste management standard operational procedures hinder effective implementation of waste management policy in Denpasar city..

With the increasing level of waste generation in Denpasar city reaching above 1000 tons per day in the midst of rapid population growth and a surge in tourism activities, residents’ adherence to waste management procedures constitutes a vital component in the government policy strategy towards tackling waste management challenges related to health , hygiene and environmental sustainability. This study aims to ascertain and analyze, implementation of Denpasar City waste management policy, to ascertain and analyze the social behavior of Denpasar city residents in the implementation of waste management policy, and to find out and analyze factors influencing the implementation of Denpasar city waste management policy. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with research informants selected through purposive sampling technique, observation, and review of documents. Triangulation method was used for data validation while Miles-Huberman's interactive data analysis model was used analysis. Conclusion drawn from this research is that residents' parochial and non compliance behavior to waste management standard operational procedures hinder effective implementation of waste management policy in Denpasar city.

The role of environmental organisations on urban transformation: The case of waste management in Esporles (Mallorca)

Waste management issues is the primary concern of the Kendari City Government, considering to become a liveable city namely the sustainable development of Kendari City. This study discusses the challenges of implementing a waste management policy based sustainable development in Kendari City. One of the goals of sustainable development on the 2030 agenda is to reduce the impact of the urban environment with the percentage of municipal reliable waste handling indicators. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of waste management policies using the concept of policy implementation by Edwards III and to link it to the concept of sustainable development and the 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study used a qualitative method, in which data was collected through interviews and documentation, the findings in this study that the implementation of waste management policies in Kendari City was quite excellent in the aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. However, various challenges were also present in every aspect of policy implementation. Overall, the implementation of waste management policies also takes into account sustainable development in economic, social and environmental aspects and was by efforts to achieve SDGs Goal 11, where 73.30 per cent of urban waste has been handled.

Authorities in developing countries are still trying to establish waste management policies and improve waste management systems. A waste management policy is crucial to establishing an effective and satisfactory waste management system. However, the implementation of waste policies is hampered by several multi-faceted and interdependent barriers. This study analyzes the barriers to the implementation of waste management policy that has been divided into two phases such as barrier identification and qualitative analysis. The identification phase led to the selection of thirty-one barriers based on literature and in consultation with experts and academicians. Hence, seven instruments were identified: Legislation and regulation, Economic instruments, Voluntary agreements, Education and influence over behavioral change, Monitoring, information, and performance assessment, Choice of technology and Community linkages. The Interpretive Structural Modeling qualitative analysis was used to understand the mutual influences amongst the seven instruments. The main results of our research indicate that the information and performance evaluation system is the basis for the failure to achieve the objectives set. This means that the lack of planning, monitoring and evaluation of waste management performance and the unreliability of the database due to the lack of disclosed studies on citizen behavior and the lack of dissemination of information constitute important barriers to the implementation of a waste management policy. A clear understanding of these barriers will help organizations better prioritize and manage their resources efficiently and effectively. The contribution of this work is to identify the obstacles to the implementation of the waste management and to prioritize them. The proposed structured model developed will help to understand the interdependence between barriers.

Waste management is a crucial issue for the growing city of Palu. Collaboration between the government and the community is the key to effective and sustainable waste management policy implementation. This study aims to describe the collaborative role between the government and the community in the implementation of waste management policies in Palu City. The method used is descriptive, with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews with relevant parties, and analysis of waste management policy documents. The data obtained was analysed qualitatively to provide an overview of the dynamics of collaboration that occurred. The results showed that the Palu City government has played a role in formulating policies, providing waste management facilities and infrastructure, and building a supportive regulatory framework. The government also initiated waste management programmes such as waste banks and temporary disposal sites (TPS)). On the other hand, the role of the community is seen through active participation in these programmes, as well as involvement in waste reduction and recycling activities in their respective neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, challenges are still faced, including the low level of public awareness, the lack of supporting facilities, and inadequate law enforcement. This study concludes that good collaboration between the government and the community is essential in achieving more effective waste management in Palu City. Strengthening collaboration through education, improving facilities, and consistent law enforcement are needed so that waste management policies can be implemented optimally.

The volume of waste generation in Indonesia is 65.8 million tons/year in 2018 and will continue to increase to around 70 million tons/year in 2022. To overcome this problem, the government has established several policy products, but the implementation of these policies has not been able to making Indonesia free from waste problems. This study aims to determine and detect the effectiveness of the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia for the 2019-2022 and 2023-2025 periods. This study uses qualitative methods through a literature review approach with secondary data collection techniques. The results of the study show that (1) the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia for the 2019-2022 period has not been effective because the targets and objectives of waste management have not been achieved, and the waste management system has not been optimal from the aspects of resources, institutions and law enforcement; and (2) the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia in 2023-2025 is predicted and has the potential to not be effective. This is because the targets set in the regional government's RPJMD for the 2021-2026 period are much smaller than the targets set in the Jakstranas/Jakstrada. Recommendations that can be given so that the implementation of waste management policies can be more effective is to improve the regulatory system for waste management in Indonesia through harmonization between policies.

PurposeThis study aims to analyze reform path for waste management policy implementation. With reference to the Bayesian theory, this study provides a dynamic policy conversion method through various context settings. Furthermore, this study attempts to present an empirical research paradigm.Design/methodology/approachMatland’s “ambiguity-conflict model” is applied to explain the problems and reform paths of China’s waste management policy implementation. Integrating structure discovery and bibliometrics into qualitative analysis, this study used search data from literature search engine with specific themes to achieve structure learning of Bayesian network with key factors refined in waste management policy.FindingsThe results show that China’s waste management policy implementation belongs to symbolic implementation with high ambiguity and high conflict. Four basic conversion paths for the waste management policy are proposed, which are classified by length and stability. Then, it is possible to locate the factors, paths and types of policy implementation through involvement analysis with features of each path and each district of policy implementation. Public education holds direct but unstable impact on waste management. Economic incentives hold continuous but gradually diminishing impact. Perceived policy effectiveness plays the crucial role like a central bridge. Resident conditions have a positive impact, which could be enhanced through economic development of China. The impact of subjective norm on waste management is not significant. But subjective norm has the potential breakthrough for solving stagnation of waste classification policy. However, the impacts from each factor may change along with economy growth and technology innovation.Originality/valueThis study uses the “ambiguity-conflict model” to position China’s waste classification policy and suggests that structure discovery methods help understand feasible reform paths for reform policy. The integration of theoretical analysis and quantitative simulation can achieve a comprehensive analysis of problems and solutions in waste management policy implementation of China. Promotion and education, economic incentives, perceived value, behavior control, subjective norm, perceived policy effectiveness, informal waste recycling system and residential conditions are explored as key factors for waste classification policy implementation as a representative in waste management policy. The role of each key factor and features of each conversion paths are integrated to position reform paths in the ambiguity-conflict model. This work helps to explain the stagnation of waste management policy implementation from the perspective of dynamic structure evolution, and some specific suggestions to get out of stagnation are proposed.

The implementation of local government policy in waste management, at Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province, is a very strategic step that aims to serve the waste generated by the population, which indirectly participates in maintaining public health and creating a clean environment. To know performance rather than policy implementation, the authors perform analysis of the implementation of waste management policies, identify and analyze the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in waste management, and efforts to improve the effectiveness of implementing waste management policies at Jayawijaya Regency. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of the research indicate that factors are influencing the implementation of waste management policy, namely; that there are unclear contents of the policy that is not understood by the community related to communication due to the level of knowledge, the authority is the supervision of the field that handles the cleanliness of the city related to the resources and also the means of infrastructure, dispositions related to cognition and organizational structure related to the coordination found in the organizational structure. Still using a manual system, which is done by dumping (stacking). Waste management in the final disposal site is still conventional or combustion system. Efforts to improve the effectiveness of local government policy implementation in waste management are by applying local regulations that have been made seriously in the handling of waste. Awareness of the responsibility of the cleanliness officers should be improved. The need for supervision of the field of handling and processing of waste directly in the field from the environmental agency.

Waste management policy based on the event by the high number of heaps of garbage that exists in the city of Semarang. Production of garbage in the city of Semarang per day reached 800 tons/day with a capacity of landfill of 400 tons/day. This happens because with the increase of the population of Semarang city around 1.5 million inhabitants and is also one of the goals of the urbanization. As a result of such activities is the increased production of waste caused by the people. To deal with the problem of local government issued regulation Semarang city waste management areas number 6 in 2012 about waste management that aims to improve public health and the quality of the environment as well as made the waste as a resource. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation and the factors that encourage and inhibit the implementation of waste management Policies according to the Semarang area number 6 in 2012. Research methods used in this research is qualitative research methods are descriptive, i.e. by providing a comprehensive overview of the focus of the research. The results of this research show that the implementation of waste management policies are not fully managed to reduce the number of existing middens. In practice there are still various obstacles such as, communications, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. Recommendations that can be given to the problem of socialization such as local regulations through electronic media, the addition of human resources and facility cleanliness, training, motivation for employees as well as the establishment of a special section dealing with communities who break the rules are already set.

The issue of waste remains a national and even global concern. This is partly due to the increasing volume of waste that is not accompanied by proper and sustainable waste management. This waste problem is also felt by the community in Serang City, Banten Province. The objective of this study is to determine and analyse the implementation of waste management policies in Serang City using the MSN approach model. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with MSN approach analysis in the implementation of waste management policies according to Kadji with three approaches, namely mentality, systems, and networking. Data sources were obtained from primary data through interviews and discussions at scientific forums and secondary data through literature searches from the internet, books, and relevant journals. The results of this study indicate that waste management in Serang City has not been optimal, partly due to the absence of operational local regulations, including regulations discussing social entrepreneurship, particularly in waste management. In addition, not all stakeholders involved in waste management, including MSME actors, have been included. However, the Serang City Government, particularly the DLH, is still focused on establishing massive cooperation with educational institutions and creating a thousand waste banks in Serang City

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing and analysing the Implementation of Waste Management Policy by the Environmental Service (Study in Sempaja Timur Village, Samarinda City) so that it can find out the inhibiting factors of the Implementation of Waste Management Policy by the Environmental Service (Study in Sempaja Timur Village, Samarinda City). This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. Focus of this research is the Implementation of Waste Management Policy by the Environmental Service (Study in Sempaja Timur Village, Samarinda City) based on the theory of public policy implementation initiated by Donald S. Van Meter and Carl E. Van Horn which consists of six variables that affect implementation performance and inhibiting factors in the Implementation of Waste Management Policy by the Environmental Service (Study in Sempaja Timur Village, Samarinda City). Data collection techniques used in this research are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is an interactive data analysis model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana with four components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the Samarinda City Environment Agency has maximized waste management but is still not optimal, which is marked by several variables according to Van Meter and Van Horn, namely policy standards and objectives, resources, interorganizational relations, characteristics of implementing agents, social, political, and economic conditions, and the disposition of implementors in the implementor disposition intensity element that has not been fulfilled.

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of waste management policies at the Final Processing Site based on Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2012 in Probolinggo Regency, as well as to describe and analyze the factors facilitating and impeding the implementation of waste management policies at the Final Processing Site. This investigation employed a qualitative methodology based on Probolinggo Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2012. The results indicated that the implementation of Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2012 concerning Trash Management at the Environmental Service of Probolinggo Regency was successful, particularly regarding waste processing at the Final Processing Site. The execution of Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2012 concerning Waste Management in the Probolinggo Regency is driven by the availability of competent human resources, the application of good SOPs, and the use of functional waste processing devices. Inhibiting factors include the lack of public awareness regarding waste management, budgetary limits, and the requirement for the modernization of waste processing devices. The execution of Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2012 concerning Waste Management in the Probolinggo Regency is driven by the availability of competent human resources, the application of good SOPs, and the use of functional waste processing devices. Inhibiting factors include the lack of public awareness regarding waste management, budgetary limits, and the requirement for the modernization of waste processing devices. The execution of Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2012 concerning Waste Management in the Probolinggo Regency is driven by the availability of competent human resources, the application of good SOPs, and the use of functional waste processing devices. Inhibiting factors include the lack of public awareness regarding waste management, budgetary limits, and the requirement for the modernization of waste processing devices.


 Research on implementation of waste management policies at the port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya (case study implementation of the environment state minister Regulation number 05 of 2009) aims to describe and analyze port waste management policy implementation and analyze the factors that support and hinder the successful implementation of waste management port. Research using qualitative research methods. To determine the waste management policy implementation at the Port of Tanjung Perak port Surabaya, researchers used the theory George Edward III with variable Communication Research. Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure.
 and requirements of the executive, while the reality in the field, still found the implementation of waste management is done by certain elements illegally. This condition would be detrimental to the State considering the international waste management port is also supervised by the world body IMO (International Maritime Organisation), this condition will affect the confidence of foreign parties, if this is not resolved, resulting in performance of port. While the structure of the bureaucracy of the party appointed to implement port waste management, namely PT. IPC Marine Service (PMSj is still not fully able to implement them on their own: these activities are still carried along Primkopal Koarmatim and partnership with PT. Petro Gas Main East Java. This gives rise to high costs. Hazardous waste management facility owned PT.PMS B3 still not received operating licenses for unfinished environmental impact assessment, the position of the facility located in the port area which is veiy risky to the port environment.
 Waste management in the port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya already he done with some supporting the disposition issued by the various stakeholders involved, while the factors that are supporting budget and limited of supervisor We hope the facility for the Tanjung Perak port will achieve to be best International Port in the future.