Socio-Economic Impact of Support Actions for the Vegetable Sector in Northern Côte d'Ivoire

The theory of integrative levels provides a general description of the evolution of matter through successive orders of complexity and integration. Along its development, material forms pass through different levels of organization, such as physical, chemical, biological or sociological. The appearance of novel structures and dynamics during this process of development of matter in complex systems has been called emergence. Social neuroscience (SN), an interdisciplinary field that aims to investigate the biological mechanisms that underlie social structures, processes, and behavior and the influences between social and biological levels of organization, has affirmed the necessity for including social context as an essential element to understand the human behavior. To do this, SN proposes a multilevel integrative approach by means of three principles: multiple determinism, nonadditive determinism and reciprocal determinism. These theoretical principles seem to share the basic tenets of the theory of integrative levels but, in this paper, we aim to reveal the differences among both doctrines. First, SN asserts that combination of neural and social variables can produce emergent phenomena that would not be predictable from a neuroscientific or social psychological analysis alone; SN also suggests that to achieve a complete understanding of social structures we should use an integrative analysis that encompasses levels of organization ranging from the genetic level to the social one; finally, SN establishes that there can be mutual influences between biological and social factors in determining behavior, accepting, therefore, a double influence, upward from biology to social level, and downward, from social level to biology. In contrast, following the theory of integrative levels, emergent phenomena are not produced by the combination of variables from two levels, but by the increment of complexity at one level. In addition, the social behavior and structures might be contemplated not as the result of mixing or summing social and biological influences, but as emergent phenomena that should be described with its own laws. Finally, following the integrative levels view, influences upward, from biology to social level, and downward, from social level to biology, might not be equivalent, since the bottom-up processes are emergent and the downward causation (DC) is not.

Older people living in care homes are at risk of reduced communicative participation. Various approaches have been developed to promote communicative participation, which are largely initiated by researchers. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research to date has directly involved care home residents regarding the support they wish for in order to facilitate their communication. When it comes to research prioritisation, it is important to consider not only what should be researched, but also the way in which information is gathered. Involvement of the respective target group in research has increased considerably in recent years. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on the perspectives of care home residents on the process by which they may be involved in research. To investigate from the perspective of care home residents which support needs related to communicative participation should be prioritized in future research, and how residents wish to be involved in the research process. The study is a qualitative consensus study using the Nominal Group Technique. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. A total of 10 older people from two care homes participated. Themes included research priorities at three levels: individual, social and organisational. According to the participants, future research should investigate the way in which they can be supported in their communication initiatives (individual level) and in which they are networking with like-minded individuals in the care home (social level). At an organisational level, designing care homes to promote communication is a research priority. In general, participants wanted to be involved in research that stimulates them, for example, by increasing their knowledge. They also wished for the process to be flexible and transparent, offering opportunities for genuine influence. This study adds to the existing evidence regarding the relevance of communicative participation in care homes. It contributes insights into the way residents would like to be involved in research aiming at improving communicative participation. The study's findings provide possibilities for other disciplines involved in a care home setting to develop their own lines of (participative) research. What is already known on this subject Care home residents are at high risk of reduced communicative participation, negatively affecting their quality of life. While research offers strategies to address this, residents' perspectives are crucial. Their involvement can enhance research relevance, allowing them to influence studies that impact them while fostering socialisation, knowledge, confidence and empowerment. Despite these positive effects, residents rarely are actively involved which is typically attributed to the highly structured nature of care homes and residents' specific health needs. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent and in which way residents want to be involved in research examining communicative participation. What this study adds to the existing knowledge This study explores care home residents' perspectives on research regarding their communicative participation. Participants shared research needs at the individual, social and organisational levels. According to them, their communicative participation can be supported, for example, by networking assistance (individual), supportive strategies in communicating with persons with cognitive changes (social) and creating a communication-friendly environment (organisational). Participants were motivated to participate in research they find stimulating and that offers new knowledge. Due to individual preferences and the structured nature of the environment, the involvement process should be flexible. Transparency about the research process and its potential impact also encourages participation. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this study? The results of this study demonstrate that a resident-centred approach to research priorities has revealed new insights. For instance, the results highlight the importance of fostering communication among residents, whereas existing research tends to focus on communication between residents and staff. These findings provide a basis for enhancing the communicative participation of nursing home residents and for planning their involvement in research in a setting-specific manner.

Sosyal sermaye, yirminci yüzyılın başlarından itibaren oldukça popüler bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Sosyal bilimler alanında yapılan çalışmalara konu olan bu kavram, literatürde öncelikle toplumsal düzeyde incelenmiş, konuya ilişkin ilginin artmasıyla beraber özellikle iktisat ve işletme literatüründe üzerinde sıklıkla durulan popüler bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, sosyal sermaye yönetiminin örgütsel düzeyde işletmelere hangi katkıları sağlayabileceği incelenmiştir. Sosyal sermayenin önemli bir boyutu olan güven (trust) boyutu bu kapsamda toplumsal ilişkilerin açıklanmasında kullanılan yönleri ile işletme örgütlerine uyarlanmıştır. Tüm örgütlenmelerde olduğu gibi, işletmelerde de belirli amaçları bir araya getirmek üzere oluşturulan örgütler üzerinde de güvenin tesis edilmesi ve sürekliliğe kavuşturulması organizasyonların başarısı açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Örgütsel düzeyde güvenin sağlanması çalışanların performanslarını, iş tatminini ve örgütsel bağlılığını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Sosyal sermaye literatüründe, sosyal sermayenin işletmeler açısından değerlendirildiği çalışmalar genellikle sosyal sermayenin ölçümlenmesi ve ekonomik kalkınma üzerindeki etkileri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Ayrıca, işletmelerde örgütsel performans ve örgütsel sadakat üzerine yapılan çalışmalar da literatürde yer almaktadır. Ancak, literatürde sosyal sermayenin güven boyutunun işletme örgütlerinin performans ve bağlılığa yönelik etkilerinin doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak değerlendirildiği sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya rastlanılmaktadır. Bu yüzden konunun ayrıntılarıyla değerlendirilmesi ve işletmenin sosyal sermaye düzeylerinin arttırılmasının örgütsel düzeyde işletmelere ne gibi katkılar sağlayacağının irdelenmesi de önemli gözükmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada literatürde yer alan örgütsel performans ve örgütsel bağlılığa yönelik çalışmalardan yola çıkılarak, sosyal sermaye ve sosyal sermaye-güven ilişkisine yönelik bilgiler ışığında örgütsel performans ve örgütsel bağlılık kavramlarını güçlendirmek açısından sosyal sermayenin güven boyutunun işletme örgütleri açısından önemi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Lay Health Advisor (LHA) programs hold tremendous promise for reducing health disparities and addressing social determinants of health in medically underserved communities, including African American populations. Very little is understood about the capacity of LHAs in these roles and the broader contributions they make to their communities. This article seeks to address this gap by describing the characteristics and capacity of a sample of 76 female African American LHAs from a nationally disseminated evidence-based LHA program for breast and cervical cancer screening (The National Witness Project), as well as potential differences between cancer survivors and nonsurvivors who serve as LHAs. A conceptual model for understanding LHA capacity and contributions in underserved communities at the individual, social, and organizational levels is presented. We describe LHA experiences and characteristics (e.g., experiences of mistrust and discrimination, racial pride, sociodemographics), capacity at the individual level (e.g., psychological and physical health, health behaviors), capacity at the social level (e.g., social networks, social support), and capacity at the organizational level (e.g., role-related competencies, self-efficacy, leadership, role benefits/challenges). Data were obtained through interview-administered telephone surveys between 2010 and 2011. Findings highlight the critical capacity that LHAs bring to their communities and the importance of supporting LHAs to sustain these programs and to address racial/ethnic health disparities.

Eusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level.

This study is designed to explore organizational socialization and organizational performance levels of secondary school teachers and the relation between the two variables mentioned. The study is designed as correlational research. The target population of the research consists of 5744 teachers who work in public and private Anatolian high schools in the center of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Using the stratified sampling technique, 650 participant teachers have been included in the sample. This study has revealed that the participants are relatively more socialized in the organizational socialization language factor, which is followed by socialization levels in the following factors: performance proficiency, people, history, organizational goals and values, and politics. The socialization levels of teachers indicate significant differences in the history and language factors according to gender. In all the factors, the participant private school teachers are found to be more socialized than the public school teachers. Their organizational performance levels significantly vary according to gender and type of school. The performance of teachers in private schools is relatively higher than that of those in public schools. There is a significant, moderate positive relation between organizational socialization and organizational performance.

Accompanied by an increasing awareness of companies and organizations for mental health conditions in work settings and organizations, the salutogenic perspective provides a promising approach to identify supportive factors and resources of organizations to promote mental health. Based on the sense of coherence (SOC) – usually treated as an individual and personality trait concept – an organization-based SOC scale was developed to identify potential salutogenic factors of a university as an organization and work place. Based on results of two samples of employees (n = 362, n = 204), factors associated with the organization-based SOC were evaluated. Statistical analysis yielded significant correlations between mental health and the setting-based SOC as well as the three factors of the SOC yielded by factor analysis yielded three factors comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. Significant statistic results of bivariate and multivariate analyses emphasize the significance of aspects such as participation and comprehensibility referring to the organization, social cohesion and social climate on the social level, and recognition on the individual level for an organization-based SOC. Potential approaches for the further development of interventions for work-place health promotion based on salutogenic factors and resources on the individual, social and organization level are elaborated and the transcultural dimensions of these factors discussed.

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Requires Transdisciplinary Innovation at the Local Scale

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kegiatan rantai nilai (value chain) pada produk batik tulis di Kampung Batik Laweyan Kota Surakarta, dan untuk mengetahui serta mengidentifikasi aktivitas apa yang mempunyai nilai tambah ekonomi tertinggi (value added ) pada produk batik tulis Kampung Batik Laweyan Kota Surakarta sehingga mampu meningkatkan keunggulan bersaing. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Studi Kasus.. Proses analisis data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis isi dari interview dan menggunakan kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan Analisis isi (Content Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Aktivitas utama rantai nilai (value chain) pada produk batik tulis di Kampung Batik Laweyan Kota Surakarta meliputi: (1) Pembelian bahan baku dan peralatan utama seperti kain mori, malam, pewarna, dan peralatan. (2) Proses produksi, meliputi membuat motif, membuat pola di atas kain mori, menebalkan pola menggunakan canting (mencanting), pewarnaan, pencucian kain, melorod kain dengan cara mencelupkan di air panas, menjemur kain hingga kering dan display kain batik tulis, (3) Penjualan produk. Penjualan batik tulis umumnya melalui wholesaler baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri, ritel dan konsumen akhir. Sedangkan aktivitas utama dalam produksi batik tulis di kampung batik laweyan yang memberikan nilai tambah paling besar adalah pemasaran dan penjualan

Structure, conservation and health implications of urban wild meat value chains: A case study of Lagos, Nigeria.

The aim of this research is to examine the individual social responsibility and social entrepreneurship levels of university students in terms of some variables and to examine the effects of individual social responsibility levels on their social entrepreneurship orientations. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 200 students who study in sports sciences at universities in Turkey. SPSS statistical program was used in the analysis of the data. First, descriptive statistics were examined, and parametric tests were used for inferential statistics. In addition, Independent Samples t Test, Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were performed. When the research findings are evaluated, the fact that students have been involved in a social project before, except for the sub-dimension of financial return, has social entrepreneurship orientations and individual social responsibility levels; Taking the community service practice course has a positive effect on the development of their individual social responsibility levels and their social vision from the dimension of social entrepreneurship. In addition, it has been revealed that university students’ whether they do sports or not has no effect on their individual social responsibility and social entrepreneurship. It has been revealed that as the individual social responsibility levels of recent students increase, their social entrepreneurship orientations also increase, and individual social responsibility has a positive effect on social vision, innovation, sustainability, and social networks in social entrepreneurship sub-dimensions.

Mental health is now attracting increased public health attention from health professionals, policy makers and the general population. However, stigma and discrimination usually have enormous negative impact on the patients and their families. This study reports on stigma and discrimination faced by mental health patients and their caregivers in a suburban area of Ghana and the coping strategies used. This is a cross-sectional exploratory study which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Two hundred and seventy seven mental health patients were purposively interviewed. Focus group discussions were held with caregivers and in-depth interviews were held with mental health professionals. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel(®) whilst the qualitative data were coded and manually analyzed thematically. Mental disorder cuts across all age, sex, education, ethnicity, employment, and marital status. More females were stigmatized than males at the work/employment and educational levels. Various forms of stigma were observed at the economic, psychological and social levels, whilst for discrimination it was only observed at the economic and social levels. Caregivers were also stigmatized and discriminated. The coping strategies adopted by the mental patients and their caregivers were also economic, psychological and social in nature. Mental health patients and their families suffer from stigma and discrimination from the individual, family, work, employment, education to the health level. Thus, community level policy on mental health care needs to be developed and implemented. Furthermore mental health education needs to be intensified at the community level.

Bibliometric analysis of theme evolution and future research trends of the type a personality

This study aimed to explore the magnitude and variability of the disease-linked stigma among COVID-19 survivors and their experiences of social stigma, coping strategies, contextual challenges, and preferences for support. An Arabic version of the social stigma survey questionnaire was designed and validated to obtain socio-demographic characteristics and quantitative measures of stigma encountered by the survivors. 482 COVID-19 survivors completed the survey, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results of this study revealed the prevalence of high levels of both perceived external stigma and enacted stigma among participants. Enacted and Internalized stigma were associated with survivors' educational background/ status. The participants suggested three levels of support: organizational, social, and personal. Establishing an online stigma reduction program and national psychological crisis interventions at the organizational level. It is crucial to assist coping mechanisms and societal reintegration techniques at the social level. These results provide valuable insights for holistic health policy formation and preparedness strategies for future pandemics, helping survivors promote health and reintegrate into society, where stigma reduction and psychological crisis interventions are underdeveloped.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine food preparation practices of US older adults by assessing their conceptualization of food preparation methods and their routine use of food preparation methods and kitchen equipment. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 17 community-dwelling older adults used cards with names of food preparation methods and cooking equipment items to do one open sort and three closed sorts about: food preparation method classifications; food preparation method use frequency; kitchen equipment use frequency; and essential vs non-essential kitchen equipment. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and qualitative thematic analysis were performed. Findings – Participants classified food preparation methods using multiple dimensions: ways to alter food, inputs, location, timing, and personal behavior. They used a wide range of food preparation methods and kitchen equipment items in routine cooking. The mean number of the 38 preparation methods sorted as used “often” was 16.5±5.0. In total, 15 of the 17 participants reported using more than 20 of the 40 equipment items “often.” The mean number of equipment items identified as “essential” was 21.5±9.3. Practical implications – Food professionals should consider access to equipment and food preparation skills and preferences when designing products and working with consumers. Addressing gaps in human and material capital may support adoption of food preparation practices. Originality/value – Food preparation method and equipment use frequency has rarely been examined from the household cook’s perspective. Using card sorts is a novel approach to examining consumer classification of an extensive list of preparation methods and kitchen equipment.